ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2025
DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and breast cancer risk.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Blood DNA methylation and breast cancer risk: a prospective nested case-control study.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Blood DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and colorectal cancer survival.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlood DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been used to show that changes in circulating leukocyte composition occur during breast cancer development, suggesting that peripheral immune system alterations are markers of breast cancer risk. Blood DNAm profiles have recently been used to predict plasma protein concentrations ("Protein EpiScores"), but their associations with breast cancer risk have not been examined in detail.
methodsWhole blood DNAm profiles were obtained for a case-cohort sample of participants in the Sister Study and used to calculate 109 Protein EpiScores. Of the 4,479 women included, 2,151 (48%) were diagnosed with breast cancer within 15 years of their baseline blood draw (median time to diagnosis: 8.6 years; 1,673 invasive cancer and 478 ductal carcinomas in situ). Protein EpiScores associations with breast cancer incidence were estimated using weighted Cox regression models, overall and stratified by time and participant characteristics.
resultsProtein EpiScores for RARRES2, IGFBP4, and CCL21 were positively associated with invasive breast cancer risk (hazard ratios from 1.17 to 1.24), while those for F7, SELL, CXCL9, CD48, and IL19 were inversely associated (hazard ratios from 0.82 to 0.86) (all FDR < 0.10). Eight immune response-related Protein EpiScores (CXCL9, CD48, FCGR3B, CXCL11, CCL21, CRTAM, VCAM1, GZMA) were associated with invasive cancers diagnosed within five years of enrollment. Protein EpiScore associations were consistently stronger for estrogen receptor-negative tumors.
conclusionsSeveral Protein EpiScores, including many related to immune response, were associated with breast cancer risk, highlighting novel changes to the peripheral immune system that occur during breast cancer development.
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