Evidence mapPaperPMID 40141221Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

The Role of Calcified Nodules in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management.

Odysseas Katsaros, Marios Sagris, Paschalis Karakasis, Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, Stergios Soulaidopoulos, Panagiotis Theofilis, Anastasios Apostolos, Andreas Tzoumas, Nikolaos Patsourakos, Konstantinos Toutouzas and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Odysseas KatsarosSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7684-3245
Marios SagrisSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3473-1368
Paschalis KarakasisSecond Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3561-5713
Nikolaos KtenopoulosSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-0995-7015
Stergios SoulaidopoulosSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Panagiotis TheofilisSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9260-6306
Anastasios ApostolosSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2616-7952
Andreas TzoumasDivision of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7903-6975
Nikolaos PatsourakosDepartment of Cardiology, "Tzaneio" General Hospital of Piraeus, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5198-6314
Konstantinos ToutouzasSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Konstantinos TsioufisSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7636-6725
Dimitris TousoulisSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Calcified nodules (CNs) are increasingly recognized as critical contributors to the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the recent literature, focusing on the prevalence of CNs, their underlying mechanisms, and their implications for the clinical management of coronary artery disease (CAD). CNs are characterized by unique pathophysiological processes, and the diagnosis and treatment of CNs during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) underscore the importance of advanced intravascular imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), for precise identification and prognostic evaluation. Current therapeutic strategies aim to modulate CN characteristics, enhance arterial wall stability, and reduce the risk of ACS and sudden cardiac death. This review highlights the impact of CNs in ACS, the role of intravascular imaging in diagnosis, and the importance of targeted interventions to improve clinical outcomes, as by bridging diagnostic insights with emerging atherectomy modalities, this review also seeks to advance the understanding and management of CNs in PCI, fostering improved patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeVascular CalcificationCoronary Artery DiseaseDisease ManagementHumansPercutaneous Coronary InterventionTomography, Optical CoherenceUltrasonography, Interventionalacute coronary syndromeatherectomycalcified nodulescoronary calcificationintravascular ultrasoundoptical coherence tomographypercutaneous coronary interventionvascular imaging

Identifiers

PMID40141221
PMCPMC11941793

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.