Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40143363›Full record

ReviewViruses2025

APOBEC3 Proteins: From Antiviral Immunity to Oncogenic Drivers in HPV-Positive Cancers.

Eliza Pizarro Castilha, Rosalba Biondo, Kleber Paiva Trugilo, Giulia Mariane Fortunato, Timothy Robert Fenton, Karen Brajão de Oliveira

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Journal of virology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Eliza Pizarro CastilhaLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-2020-7482
Rosalba BiondoLeiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0002-2004-0504
Kleber Paiva TrugiloLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
Giulia Mariane FortunatoLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
Timothy Robert FentonSchool of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4737-8233
Karen Brajão de OliveiraLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-9666-6963

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Finance Code 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human APOBEC superfamily consists of eleven cytidine deaminase enzymes. Among them, APOBEC3 enzymes play a dual role in antiviral immunity and cancer development. APOBEC3 enzymes, including APOBEC3A (A3A) and APOBEC3B (A3B), induce mutations in viral DNA, effectively inhibiting viral replication but also promoting somatic mutations in the host genome, contributing to cancer development. A3A and A3B are linked to mutational signatures in over 50% of human cancers, with A3A being a potent mutagen. A3B, one of the first APOBEC3 enzymes linked to carcinogenesis, plays a significant role in HPV-associated cancers by driving somatic mutagenesis and tumor progression. The A3A_B deletion polymorphism results in a hybrid A3A_B gene, leading to increased A3A expression and enhanced mutagenic potential. Such polymorphism has been linked to an elevated risk of certain cancers, particularly in populations where it is more prevalent. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of APOBEC3 proteins, highlighting their dual roles in antiviral defense and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the clinical implications of genetic variants, such as the A3A_B polymorphism, mainly in HPV infection and associated cancers, providing a comprehensive understanding of their contributions to both viral restriction and cancer development.

Indexed as

APOBEC DeaminasesCytidine DeaminaseNeoplasmsPapillomaviridaePapillomavirus InfectionsAnimalsCarcinogenesisHumansMinor Histocompatibility AntigensMutationPolymorphism, GeneticAPOBEC3 proteins, humanAPOBEC DeaminasesCytidine DeaminaseMinor Histocompatibility AntigensAPOBECcancerdeaminationHPV

Identifiers

PMID40143363
PMCPMC11946020

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.