Evidence mapPaperPMID 40144448Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Long-Term Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Inayat Ullah, Samad Ali Khan, Dure Nayab, Sohail Ahmad, Asmad Khan, Nughman Ali, Jamil Ahmad, Zeeshan Ali, Sundas Safdar, Muhammad Imran Khan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Inayat UllahGeneral Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Samad Ali KhanGeneral Surgery, Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences, Peshawar, ESP.
Dure NayabInternal Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Sohail AhmadInternal Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Asmad KhanInternal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PAK.
Nughman AliNephrology Medicine, One Brooklyn Hospital, New York City, USA.
Jamil AhmadInternal Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Zeeshan AliMedicine and Surgery, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Sundas SafdarDiagnostic Radiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Muhammad Imran KhanDermatology, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The public health concern associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) generates serious cardiovascular and metabolic impacts that affect both mothers whose condition went undiagnosed and their offspring. The review evaluates contemporary data about how GDM affects long-term health results. We searched published studies from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 710 records were identified, with 173 duplicates and 61 irrelevant records removed, leaving 476 for screening. After excluding 282, 194 reports were sought for retrieval, 97 were not retrieved, 97 were assessed for eligibility, 85 were excluded, and 12 studies were included in the review. Women with GDM face higher risks of type 2 diabetes (HR 2.5-7.1), hypertension (HR 3.2), and metabolic syndrome (HR 4.1). Their offspring have increased risks of obesity (OR 2.9), insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders from childhood to adolescence. This review examines early detection biomarkers alongside strategies like lactation, probiotics, and CRP levels to potentially reduce maternal GDM risks. Although research had some methodological limitations regarding diagnostic irregularities and variable follow-up durations the findings demonstrate that early identification of GDM matters alongside customized care plans and long-term monitoring of women's health status. The review offers vital clinical guidelines and research pathways for advancing maternal and child health practices.

Indexed as

cardiovascular outcomesgestational diabetes mellituslong-term effectsmetabolic healthsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID40144448
PMCPMC11938991

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.