ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Single and mixed effects of seven heavy metals on stroke risk: 11,803 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exposure to Cadmium and Cerebrovascular Mortality in the United States.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2025Article
- Association between serum Copper-Zinc-Selenium mixture and multiple health outcomes.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Multiple metals exposure and estimated pulse wave velocity: a cross-sectional analysis of the US adults.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Environmental determinants of cerebral haemorrhage in older adults: behavioural pathways and population health implications.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants poses risks to food safety. Human exposure to heavy metals has been linked to stroke risk, though research on this connection is limited and findings are inconsistent. Methods: We estimated the associations of 7 blood metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)] with the risk of stroke among 11,803 U.S. adults. Logistic regression account for the intricate sampling design and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore the associations between single heavy metal and stroke risk. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) were employed to explore the joint effects of seven metals on stroke. Potential confounders were adjusted. Results: After adjusting for the potential confounders, the logistic regression analysis showed the log-transformed Cd and Zn level was associated with stroke (All Conclusion: These findings indicated that heavy metal exposure is associated with stroke risk, and the protective effect of Zn on stroke risk deserves further research to verify.
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