Evidence mapPaperPMID 40145263Full record

ReviewHistology and histopathology2025

Cocaine abuse and its impact on the thymus and spleen.

Toshihiko Aki, Kana Unuma

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Histology and histopathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Toshihiko AkiDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. aki.legm@tmd.ac.jp.
Kana UnumaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

JSPS KAKENHI JP20H03955JSPS KAKENHI JP22K10606
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cocaine is a psychostimulant abused worldwide. Its pharmacotoxicological properties are derived mainly from its impact on the neurotransmission of sympathomimetic nerves. Cocaine enhances and prolongs the neurotransmission of monoamines, such as dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline, which are responsible not only for cocaine's euphoric effects, but also its cardiovascular toxicity. In addition to these effects on central as well as peripheral nerves, immunosuppression is also implicated in cocaine toxicity. The thymus and spleen are lymphoid organs that are essential in lymphocyte maturation and erythrocyte homeostasis. Reductions in thymus and spleen size, which are observed under both physiological and pathological conditions, are known as thymic involution and splenic contraction, respectively. These phenomena are also observed in experimental animal models of binge cocaine abuse. In this brief review, we describe the mechanisms of cocaine toxicity, thymic involution, and splenic contraction, followed by discussions about the possible role of the latter two phenomena in cocaine intoxication.

Indexed as

CocaineCocaine-Related DisordersSpleenThymus GlandAnimalsHumansCocaine

Identifiers

PMID40145263

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.