Evidence mapPaperPMID 40148398Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Relationship between metabolic syndrome and dietary diversity in the Rafsanjan cohort study.

Shahin Heidari, Mahmood Kahnooji, Fatemeh Ayoobi, Parvin Khalili, Maryam Ghaseminasab-Parizi, Lida Soltani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Associations Between Dietary Diversity Score and Adiposity Indexes in Obese AdolescentsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shahin HeidariDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Mahmood KahnoojiDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Fatemeh AyoobiOccupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Parvin KhaliliDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Maryam Ghaseminasab-PariziDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Lida SoltaniDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. adilinatlos@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a major public health problem may be attributed to changes in population behavior patterns in modern society, including nutritional habits and physical activity. Therefore, this study investigated the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and adult metabolic syndrome. In this cross-sectional study, 9715 participants aged 35-70 years from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) were included. Demographic, medical, and habitual histories were collected. DDS was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All analyses were performed using Stata 14, with p-values < 0.05. Based on the DDS, subjects were divided into four groups (quartiles). The multivariate-adjusted model showed that the risk of MetS increased by 18% in the third quartile and by 25% in the fourth quartile (OR: 1.18; 98% CI: 1.02-1.36 and OR: 1.25; 98% CI: 1.06-1.48, respectively). Additionally, an increased risk of high serum triglyceride levels was observed in the third quartile (OR: 1.19; 98% CI: 1.05-1.35). The results suggest that there is a relationship between DDS and metabolic syndrome, although this relationship changed after adjusting for confounders.

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorMetabolic SyndromeAdultAgedCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesTriglyceridesTriglyceridesDietary diversityMetabolic syndromeRafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS)

Identifiers

PMID40148398
PMCPMC11950201

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.