Evidence mapPaperPMID 40148457Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2025

Exploring air insole pressure and walking durations effects on microcirculation in healthy individuals to optimize diabetic foot ulcers prevention.

Gilang Titah Ramadhan, Fahni Haris, Yih-Kuen Jan, Ben-Yi Liau, Wei-Cheng Shen, Jian-Guo Bau, Chun-Ming Lien, Chien-Cheng Tai, Chi-Wen Lung

Abstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Effect of toe box size on basketball-specific movement performance.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gilang Titah RamadhanDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan.
Fahni HarisSchool of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia.
Yih-Kuen JanRehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
Ben-Yi LiauDepartment of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407102, Taiwan.
Wei-Cheng ShenDepartment of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan.
Jian-Guo BauDepartment of Agricultural Technology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632301, Taiwan.
Chun-Ming LienDepartment of Commercial Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taoyuan, 32462, Taiwan.
Chien-Cheng TaiSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
Chi-Wen LungRehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. cwlung@asia.edu.tw.

Funding

National Science and Technology Council NSTC 113-2221-E-035-014National Science and Technology Council NSTC 114-2923-E-468-001-MY3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of air insole on reducing the risk of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in healthy individuals through microcirculation assessment, which considers blood flow as a critical factor due to the role of peripheral vascular disease in DFU development. The study analyzes the interaction between air insole pressure and walking duration. Repeated-measures design was used to assess the effects of two walking durations (10 and 20 min) and three air insole pressures (80, 160, and 240 mmHg), resulting in six walking conditions tested in 13 healthy participants. The average blood flow in the first metatarsal head (M1) was quantified using data from the last 3 min of the 10 min post-exercise period. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that the 80 mmHg air insole pressure was significantly lower microcirculation than 240 mmHg with 10 min walking duration (129.4 ± 9.1 vs 163.1 ± 12.6 PU, P = 0.035). The paired t-test showed three significant differences in the effects of the walking duration in all air insole pressures. (1) 10 min walking duration was significantly lower compared to 20 min with 80 mmHg air insole pressure (129.4 ± 9.1 vs 203.6 ± 10.1 PU, P = 0.001); (2) 10 min walking duration was significantly lower compared to 20 min with 160 mmHg air insole pressure (142.5 ± 10.6 vs 206.0 ± 12.5 PU, P = 0.001); (3) 10 min walking duration was significantly lower compared to 20 min with 240 mmHg (163.1 ± 12.6 vs 219.1 ± 11.8 PU, P = 0.008). This study highlights that walking with an air insole pressure of 80 mmHg for 20 minutes influences microcirculation at the first metatarsal head, potentially offering important benefits for individuals at risk of pressure-related injuries, such as DFUs.

Indexed as

Diabetic FootFootFoot OrthosesMicrocirculationWalkingAdultFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMalePressureTime FactorsYoung AdultBlood flowDiabetic foot ulcersFirst metatarsal headPeripheral vascular disease

Identifiers

PMID40148457
PMCPMC11950654

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.