Evidence mapPaperPMID 40148774Full record

ArticleGenes & nutrition2025

Exploring causal relationships between circulating micronutrients and age-related eye diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.

Xiang Cao, Zijiao Xu, Boyang Zhang, Zhixin Jiang, Xiaoyong Yuan

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Article in Genes & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

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4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Vitamins and nutraceuticals in glaucoma research.European journal of ophthalmology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiang CaoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212002, China.
Zijiao XuSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Boyang ZhangSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Zhixin JiangTianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, 300020, China. zhixin.jiang@outlook.com.
Xiaoyong YuanTianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, 300020, China. yuanxy_cn@hotmail.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82371033, 81970772, 32200684
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWith the global population aging, age-related eye diseases (AREDs) such as senile cataract (SC), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are becoming increasingly significant public health concerns. The rising prevalence of AREDs underscores the urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aimed to explore the causal relationships between circulating micronutrients (CMs) and AREDs.

methodsA bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using genetic variants as instrumental variables to assess the effects of fifteen CMs (vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, carotene, copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, selenium, zinc) on AREDs. Data were sourced from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analytical method employed was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of the results.

resultsThe MR analysis revealed significant protective effects of selenium against SC (OR = 0.961, 95% CI = 0.932-0.991, P = 0.012) and DR (OR = 0.927, 95% CI = 0.870-0.987, P = 0.019). Furthermore, higher genetically predicted magnesium levels were associated with a reduced risk of AMD (OR = 0.679, 95% CI = 0.515-0.895, P = 0.006). However, no significant causal relationships were observed between the other CMs and glaucoma or other AREDs.

conclusionsThese findings provided valuable insights into the complex interplay between CMs and AREDs, offering potential pathways for developing targeted nutritional interventions and public health strategies to mitigate the risk of these debilitating conditions.

Indexed as

Age-related eye diseasesAge-related macular degenerationCirculating micronutrientsDiabetic retinopathyMendelian randomizationSenile cataract

Identifiers

PMID40148774
PMCPMC11951792

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.