Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40148870›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

A 10-week remote monitoring study of sleep features and their variability in individuals with and without ADHD.

Hayley Denyer, Ewan Carr, Qigang Deng, Philip Asherson, Andrea Bilbow, Amos Folarin, Madeleine J Groom, Chris Hollis, Heet Sankesara, Richard Jb Dobson and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hayley DenyerSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. hayley.denyer@kcl.ac.uk.
Ewan CarrThe Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Qigang DengSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Philip AshersonSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Andrea BilbowThe National Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service, ADDISS, Edgware, Middlesex, UK.
Amos FolarinThe Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Madeleine J GroomSchool of Medicine, Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Chris HollisInstitute of Mental Health, NIHR MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-operative, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Heet SankesaraThe Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Richard Jb DobsonThe Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Jonna KuntsiSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.

Funding

China Scholarship Council 201908440362King's Together Strategic Grant AC13873Medical Research Council MR/N013700/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeople with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often report disturbed sleep, as well as co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and depression. Yet studies employing objective assessments often do not show as many sleep disturbances compared to subjective measures. These discrepancies may relate to subjective reports capturing problematic nights, which may not be captured in a single night's sleep or by averaging objective measurements over several nights. Given that variability in behaviours is in general strongly linked to ADHD, individuals with ADHD could have greater sleep variability than individuals without ADHD. Using active and passive remote monitoring, we investigate differences in the level and variability of daily sleep behaviours between individuals with and without ADHD and explore if sleep is associated with changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms across a 10-week remote monitoring period.

methodsForty individuals (20 with ADHD, 20 without) took part in a 10-week remote monitoring study. Active monitoring involved participants completing questionnaires on ADHD and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms at weeks 2, 6 and 10. Passive monitoring involved participants wearing a wearable device (Fitbit) that measured sleep each night.

resultsIndividuals with and without ADHD were similar in the levels of sleep recorded each night. However, compared to those without ADHD, participants with ADHD had more variable sleep duration, sleep onset and offset, and sleep efficiency over 10 weeks. Within-individual associations of co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms with the sleep features were non-significant.

conclusionsIn a 10-week remote monitoring study of sleep using a wearable device, we show that what distinguishes individuals with ADHD from those without is their greater variability in sleep features: participants with ADHD had a more variable sleep duration, sleep onset and offset, and sleep efficiency. Inconsistency and high variability are hallmarks of ADHD, and we show that this characteristic extends also to sleep among adolescents and adults with ADHD.

trial registrationClinical trial number: not applicable.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivitySleepSleep Wake DisordersAdolescentAdultAnxietyDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesWearable Electronic DevicesYoung AdultADHDAttention deficit hyperactivity disordermHealthRemote measurement technologySleep variabilityWearable devices

Identifiers

PMID40148870
PMCPMC11951673

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.