Evidence mapPaperPMID 40152347Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2025

Prevalence and Progression of Vitamin D Deficiency in Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon From 2013 to 2022: An Analysis of 19,452 Adults.

Pia Chedid, Elie Salem-Sokhn, Said El Shamieh, Rajaa Fakhoury

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Vitamin D status andFrontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Pia ChedidMolecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Elie Salem-SokhnMolecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Said El ShamiehMolecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-0445
Rajaa FakhouryMolecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThis study aimed to describe the prevalence and progression of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in a large sample of Lebanese adults.

methodsA retrospective analysis of 19,452 medical records of Lebanese adults primarily residing in Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon was included. Serum VitD levels were measured using a chemiluminescent assay.

resultsOverall, 31% of our participants were deficient (< 20 ng/mL), 28% were insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), and 41% were sufficient (> 30 ng/mL) for VitD. The overall average VitD levels were 26 ± 12 ng/mL (min: 3 ng/mL, max: 220 ng/mL). While 40% of participants below 35 years old presented with VitD level deficiency, this level decreased significantly by 13% and 11% in age groups 55-65 and above 65 years old, respectively (p < 0.01). Females had a 35% lower risk of VitD deficiency than males (OR = 0.65, p < 0.01). Second, living in the greater Beirut region increased the risk of developing VitD deficiency by 41% (OR = 1.408, p < 0.01). Finally, living in a region with moderate (OR = 1.33, p < 0.11) to high pollution (OR = 1.45, p < 0.01) increased the risk by 33% and 45%, respectively. The number of individuals referred for testing VitD level in our tertiary healthcare center increased four times in the past 10 years, from 1120 in 2013 to 4633 in 2022. This observation is correlated with higher VitD levels and, thus, a significant decrease in the trend of VitD deficiency in 2022 compared to the previous years (p < 0.001).

conclusionThe prevalence of VitD deficiency has decreased over the past 10 years in Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon.

Indexed as

Vitamin D DeficiencyAdultAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLebanonMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesVitamin DYoung AdultVitamin DGreater BeirutMount Lebanonprevalenceurban areasvitamin D deficiencyvitamin D levels

Identifiers

PMID40152347
PMCPMC12019705

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.