Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40157321›Full record

ReviewVirology2025

Defining diverse spike-receptor interactions involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Michael Anderson, Julian Lopez, Maya Wyr, Peter W Ramirez

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Michael AndersonDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Julian LopezDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Maya WyrDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Peter W RamirezDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA. Electronic address: Peter.Ramirez@csulb.edu.

Funding

Supplement for CSULB Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT TRAINING IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH (U-STAR)T34GM008074 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH · PI NARAYANASWAMI, VASANTHY · 1985 to 2022
$4.6M
UC San Diego RAPID Faculty Development Program in Infectious DiseasesR25AI147376 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ADRIANA H TREMOULET, Joann Trejo · 2020 to 2026
$2.5M
Undergraduate Research Training Initiative for Student Enhancement (U-RISE) (T34) at CSULBT34GM149378 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH · PI VASANTHY NARAYANASWAMI · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
Bridges to the Doctorate Research Training Program at California State University Long BeachT32GM138075 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH · PI BRUSSLAN, JUDY ANN, MOTA-BRAVO, LUIS M · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
Determining the role of AnnexinA2 in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 assemblyR16AI184450 · NIAID · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LONG BEACH · PI PETER William RAMIREZ · 2024 to 2026
$557k
NIAID NIH HHS R16 AI184450NIAID NIH HHS R25 AI147376NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM138075NIGMS NIH HHS T34 GM008074NIGMS NIH HHS T34 GM149378
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA virus that caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells to facilitate viral entry. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nearly all human organs - including those with little or no ACE2 expression - suggests the involvement of alternative receptors. Recent studies have identified several cellular proteins and molecules that influence SARS-CoV-2 entry through ACE2-dependent, ACE2-independent, or inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we explore how these alternative receptors were identified, their expression patterns and roles in viral entry, and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting these virus-receptor interactions to mitigate COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Indexed as

COVID-19Receptors, VirusSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVirus InternalizationAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2HumansProtein BindingACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Receptors, VirusSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Alternate receptorsAttachment factorsCoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Spike proteinVirus entry

Identifiers

PMID40157321
PMCPMC12291547

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.