Evidence mapPaperPMID 40158754Full record

ArticleJournal of vascular surgery2025

Predictive value of tibial and coronary artery calcification scores for cardiac and lower extremity events.

Andrew W Schwartz, Ethan Maahs, Alexa Berezowitz, Hamid Mojibian, Raul J Guzman

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Article in Journal of vascular surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Andrew W SchwartzYale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Ethan MaahsYale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Alexa BerezowitzYale University, New Haven, CT.
Hamid MojibianYale Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Raul J GuzmanYale Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Electronic address: raul.guzman@yale.edu.

Funding

Short-Term Reserch Training: Students in Health SchoolsT35HL007649 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · 1987 to 2025
$1.5M
Short Term Research Training: Students in Health Professional SchoolsT35DK104689 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$181k
NHLBI NIH HHS T35 HL007649NIDDK NIH HHS T35 DK104689
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe extent of calcification in the tibial and coronary arteries predicts major ischemic events. Tibial calcification predicts ischemic events in a manner independent of the degree of associated atherosclerotic occlusive disease, and coronary calcification can improve risk stratification in patients at intermediate risk for cardiovascular disease. We thus assessed the relationship between tibial and coronary calcification, the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on their extent, and their individual predictive value on major adverse limb events (MALEs) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).

methodsWe retrospectively reviewed images and collected the demographic and cardiovascular risk factor data of patients who underwent computed tomography scans of the lower extremities and chest. Calcification in the tibial and coronary arteries were identified and scored using semi-automated methods. A Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated using tibial artery calcification (TAC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores. Ordinal logistic regression and multiple linear regression were performed using cardiovascular and demographic factors as covariates. Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier estimate were completed to assess MACE- and MALE-free probabilities.

resultsA total of 101 patients were identified who met inclusion criteria. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.76) between CAC and TAC scores. Severe CAC (defined as >400) and severe TAC (defined as >500) scores were both associated with advanced age, male sex, a history of smoking, and diabetes. Renal disease was associated with a high TAC score, but not CAC. An increasing TAC score was associated with increased MACE (P < .0001) and MALEs (P = .039). However, increasing CAC was only associated with increased MACEs (P = .0036).

conclusionsWe provide data suggesting that TAC and CAC share similar risk factors and are highly correlated. Interestingly, TAC predicts both MACEs and MALEs, whereas CAC is best at predicting coronary, but not lower extremity events. Further studies are needed to understand the contributions of arterial calcification to myocardial and lower extremity ischemia.

Indexed as

Computed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseLower ExtremityPeripheral Arterial DiseaseTibial ArteriesVascular CalcificationAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateLinear ModelsLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedCalcium scoreCoronary artery calcificationTibial artery calcification

Identifiers

PMID40158754
PMCPMC12277069

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.