SynthesisNature medicine2025
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous iron therapy for patients with heart failure and iron deficiency.
Synthesis in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Metallomic Dysregulation and Cardiovascular Disease: Essential Trace Elements, Non-essential Metal Exposure, and Heart Failure Risk: A Systematic Review.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous iron therapy for patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis stratified by chronic kidney disease status.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis.ESC heart failure · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency (FAIR-HF2 DZHK05 trial): Sex-specific outcomes.European journal of heart failure · 2025Trial
- Micronutrients and omega-3 PUFAs to promote healthy ageing: informing a physiology-based complementation strategy.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and exercise capacity in iron-deficient kidney transplant recipients: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in the Netherlands.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Review
- [Update on the pharmacotherapy of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: from four to six pillars?]Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Rationale and design of the RISE-HF trial: sucrosomial iron in heart failure.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026Article
- Dyspnea in heart failure: pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and evidence from clinical trials.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- Landmark clinical trials shaping contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2026Review
- Comparing Ferric Carboxymaltose Versus Iron Sucrose in Patients with Heart Failure.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Relationship between iron deficiency and corrected QT-interval prolongation in Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Rationally engineered icosahedral-spindle aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks with dual-state luminescence for on-site detection of ferric ions in food and human serum.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary approach to implementing ferric carboxymaltose for IV iron replacement in heart failure with iron deficiency.Future cardiology · 2026Review
- Iron Deficiency Screening in Patients Admitted with Acute Heart Failure Decompensation.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Article
- Iron Deficiency Screening and Treatment in Hospitalized HFrEF Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction for the clinician - highlights from the 5th annual Charleston HFpEF conference.Heart failure reviews · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of iron deficiency and prognosis in patients hospitalised with new-onset heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.Open heart · 2026Article
- Iron and Copper Homeostasis in Cardiometabolic Disease: Therapeutic Potential of Chelators.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Uncertainty remains about the effect of intravenous (i.v.) iron on outcomes for heart failure (HF) with iron deficiency. In the present study, we summarize the efficacy and safety of i.v. iron from six trials (FAIR-HF, CONFIRM-HF, AFFIRM-AHF, IRONMAN, HEART-FID and FAIR-HF2), including 7,175 patients. In comparison to prior analyses, this meta-analysis added new data from FAIR-HF2, used a harmonized and robust Bayesian approach and included individual participant data from five trials. Patients assigned to i.v. iron, compared with those assigned to placebo, had lower rates for the composite endpoint of recurrent HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality at 12 months (risk ratio (RR) = 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.55-0.89)) and for the complete length of follow-up (RR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.63-0.97)). Each component of the primary endpoint contributed to the beneficial effect of i.v. iron at both 12 months and the complete length of follow-up: recurrent HF hospitalizations (RR = 0.69 (95% CI = 0.48-0.88) and RR = 0.78 (95% CI = 0.55-0.98), respectively) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.61-1.03) and HR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.73-1.04), respectively). All-cause mortality at 12 months and for the complete length of follow-up (HR = 0.82 (95% CI = 0.65-1.03)) and HR = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.80-1.07), respectively, indicated the overall safety of i.v. iron treatment. Treatment effects were greatest in the first year after randomization when the doses of i.v. iron provided are highest. These findings suggest that treating iron deficiency in patients with HF significantly reduces cardiovascular events and also suggests further investigation of optimal dosing of i.v. iron.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.