Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40160719›Full record

ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2025

Evaluating the effect of computer-based education on pharmacist behaviour regarding point-of-care testing.

Rand Hussein, Nardine Nakhla, Kyu Min Shim, Joslin Goh, Rosemary Killeen, Kelly Grindrod

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rand HusseinSchool of Pharmacy, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Nardine NakhlaSchool of Pharmacy, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Kyu Min ShimDepartment of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Joslin GohDepartment of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Rosemary KilleenSchool of Pharmacy, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Kelly GrindrodSchool of Pharmacy, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Recent regulatory changes in Ontario have enabled pharmacists to perform point-of-care testing (POCT) to manage chronic diseases. With the introduction of any new service(s), educational interventions can aid acceptance and implementation. Computer-based education (CBE) improves pharmacists' knowledge, but there is little evidence of its effect on pharmacist behaviour. This study assessed the impact of CBE on pharmacist knowledge, behaviour intention, and adoption of POCT. Methods: A three-month, web-based, randomized controlled trial was conducted between April 2024 and Sep 2024 with community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada. The intervention group was asked to complete two POCT modules using a CBE platform, while the control group was asked to review reference materials about POCTs. The primary outcome, the difference in the number of POCTs performed, was collected using monthly reports. Secondary outcomes (knowledge gain and changes in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and behaviour intention) were assessed using selfreported surveys. Generalized linear models (GLM) with negative binomial distribution were used to analyze the number of POCTs. Knowledge gain was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and binomial regression. TPB constructs were analyzed within groups using paired sample Results: Of the 261 pharmacists recruited, 201 completed the pre-study survey, 135 completed the one-week post-test, and 104 completed the three-month post-test. There was a significant difference in knowledge test scores between the two groups at one week ( Conclusion: CBE improved pharmacists' knowledge of POCT but showed a limited effect on pharmacist intention or behaviour. The study highlighted that knowledge alone does not influence behaviour change. Factors such as organizational support, adequate reimbursement, and expanded practice scope (e.g., prescribing) are critical to enhance POCT implementation.

Indexed as

Computer-based education (CBE)KnowledgePharmacistsPoint-of-care testing (POCT)Self-reported behaviourTheory of planned behaviour

Identifiers

PMID40160719
PMCPMC11952814

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.