ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Inflammatory profiling and immune cell infiltration in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: insights from bulk RNA sequencing.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association Between Peripheral IL-2Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Diagnostic Value of Mean Apparent Propagator-MRI in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: A Quantitative Analysis of the Entire Visual Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), the most severe complication of thyroid eye disease (TED), has unclear mechanisms and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. This study aimed to identify key pathways and inflammation-related core genes driving DON progression, potentially informing new therapeutic strategies and improving disease management. Methods: Retro-orbital tissues from DON, non-DON TED, and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using bulk RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified disease-relevant modules. Immune cell infiltration was assessed via single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). ROC analysis and single-gene GSEA were used to evaluate the diagnostic potential and functional relevance of core genes. Inflammatory-Related Differential Genes (IRDGS) were identified and preliminarily validated using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Results: Differential gene expression analysis revealed 176 and 202 significantly upregulated genes in DON Conclusions: This is the first study to identify the key molecular and immune drivers of DON through bulk transcriptomic analysis, emphasizing the central role of inflammation-related molecules and immune cell infiltration in its pathogenesis. The identified IRDGs and their associated pathways provide novel insights for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
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