Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40163131›Full record

ArticleIntensive care medicine2025

A consensus of European experts on the definition of ventilator-associated pneumonia recurrences obtained by the Delphi method: the RECUVAP study.

Antoine Gaillet, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Jean-Francois Timsit, Karim Asehnoune, Francois Barbier, Matteo Bassetti, Lila Bouadma, Adrien Bouglé, Jean Chastre, Andrew Conway Morris and 30 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
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Article in Intensive care medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Antoine Gaillet *Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France. gaillet.antoine75@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-0742-2348
Charles-Edouard Luyt *Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Jean-Francois TimsitUniversité Paris-Cité, IAME, INSERM, Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat Claude Bernard University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Karim AsehnouneService d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale Hôtel Dieu, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations, Nantes, France.
Francois BarbierMédecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
Matteo BassettiInfectious Diseases Unit, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
Lila BouadmaUniversité Paris-Cité, IAME, INSERM, Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat Claude Bernard University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Adrien BougléDépartement d'Anesthésie Et Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC 29, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU DREAM, Paris, France.
Jean ChastreService de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Andrew Conway MorrisDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jan J De WaeleDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
François DépretDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris Cité University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
George DimopoulosThird Department of Critical Care, EVGENIDIO Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Stephan EhrmannService de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, INSERM CIC 1415, CRICS-TriggerSEP F-CRIN Research Network, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours and INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Université de Tours, Tours, France.
Santiago EwigDepartment of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Thoraxzentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne and Bochum, Germany.
Muriel FartoukhMédecine Intensive Réanimation, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, Île-de-France, France.
Arnaud FoucrierDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP and Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
José Garnacho-MonteroUnidad Clínica de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.
Sami HraiechService de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, AP-HM, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
Marc LeoneService d'Anesthésie Et de Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, CIC 1409 and CIC 9502, Marseille, France.
Demosthenes MakrisCritical Care Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Ignacio Martin-LoechesDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Leinster, Dublin, D08NYH1, Ireland.
Dimitrios MatthaiouDepartment of Critical Care, "Ygeias Melathron" Clinic, Athens, Greece.
Antoine MonselMultidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Philippe MontraversAnesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital (AP-HP), University Paris-Cité, INSERM UMR 1152 PHERE, Paris, France.
Saad NseirUniv. Lille, Inserm U1285, CHU Lille, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.
José-Artur PaivaIntensive Care Medicine Service, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, Porto, Portugal.
Laurent PapazianMédecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier de Bastia, Bastia, Corsica, France.
Garyfallia PoulakouThird Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, "SOTIRIA" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Pedro PóvoaDepartment of Intensive Care, São Francisco Xavier Hospital, CHLO, Lisbon, Portugal.
Jérôme PuginDivision of Intensive Care, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Alejandro H RodriguezCritical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV/URV/CIBERes, Tarragona, Spain.
Antoine RoquillyService d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale Hôtel Dieu, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations, Nantes, France.
Damien RouxService de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Paris, France.
Anahita RouzéUniv. Lille, Inserm U1285, CHU Lille, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.
Fabio Silvio TacconeDepartment of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Antoni TorresPulmonary Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer), University of Barcelona, ICREA Ciberes, Barcelona, Spain.
Jean-Ralph ZaharDépartement de Microbiologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.
Emmanuel Weiss *Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP and Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Keyvan Razazi *Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are recognized diagnostic criteria for a first ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) episode, but not for recurrences. Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have used the recurrence of VAP as a criterion for efficacy evaluation. Still, the different definitions used in RCTs make it difficult to compare studies. We aimed to develop a consensual definition of VAP recurrences and of the various types of VAP recurrences.

methodsThirty-six European experts constituting a multidisciplinary group of physicians (critical care, infectious diseases, microbiology) with special interest in the management of VAP were polled using the Delphi methodology.

resultsAfter the completion of four iterations of the DELPHI method, 94% of experts agreed that the diagnostic criteria for a first VAP episode could also be used for recurrences, except for the radiological criterion, which not all the experts considered to be mandatory. Consensus was also reached regarding the definition of four distinct entities: relapse, persistent VAP, superinfection, and new-pathogen VAP. For relapse and persistent VAP, bacteriological findings were identical for different VAP episodes, whereas they differed for superinfection and new-pathogen VAP. The distinction between relapse and persistent VAP, and between superinfection and new-pathogen VAP depended on the timing of antibiotic treatment (before or after 48-72 h after the end of antibiotic therapy) and the clinical course. Microbiological criteria were proposed to facilitate the diagnosis of persistent VAP.

conclusionThis consensus by European experts proposes four different VAP recurrence entities which should facilitate the harmonization of recurrence criteria for clinical practice and future studies.

Indexed as

Pneumonia, Ventilator-AssociatedDelphi TechniqueEuropeHumansRecurrenceDelphiEuropeanPersistent VAPRecurrenceRelapseSuperinfectionVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

Identifiers

PMID40163131

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.