ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2025
Occupational Exposure to Disinfectants and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease among US Nurses: The Nurses' Health Study II.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Validation of the Health Belief Model-Based Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale for Nursing Staff.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- When behavior outweighs infrastructure: disinfectant and latex exposure and preventive practice among operating room nurses in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Exogenous Metals Indirectly Affect Human Semen Quality via Immune Cells at Single-Cell Resolution.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to certain chemicals in disinfectants has been associated with vascular dysfunction in toxicological studies, but the association between disinfectant exposure and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants and subsequent risk of CVD among US nurses.
methodsWe included 75,675 participants from The Nurses' Health Study II who maintained a nursing job and reported data on occupational disinfectant exposure. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, using Cox proportional hazard models comparing job types and general disinfection tasks between participants. We also used a job-task-exposure matrix to evaluate the risk of CVD by frequency of cleaning/disinfection tasks and exposure levels of seven specific disinfectants (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hypochlorite bleach, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds, and enzymatic cleaners).
resultsDuring 10 y of follow-up (2009-2019), we documented 726 incident cases of CVD. In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratio of CVD among nurses who worked in operating rooms was 1.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 2.36], in comparison with those working as educators or administrators. A similar pattern of associations was found when we separately assessed the risk for CHD and stroke [
conclusionExposure to disinfectants in real-world health care settings was associated with a higher risk of CVD, including CHD and stroke, among US nurses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14945.
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