ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Assessing the effect of modifiable risk factors on hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mendelian randomization analysis of immune cell populations, serum metabolites and hepatocellular carcinoma risk.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Iron Homeostasis as a Mediator Linking Central Obesity with MASLD and Primary Liver Cancer: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves a variety of environmental risk factors, some of which have yet to be fully clarified. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study comprehensively investigates the causal effect of genetically predicted modifiable risk factors on HCC.
methodsGenetic variants related to the 50 risk factors that had been identified in previous research were derived from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics for the discovery cohort and validation cohort of HCC were sourced from the FinnGen consortium and the UK Biobank, respectively. Bidirectional MR analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to establish causative risk factors for HCC.
resultsThrough the inverse variance weighted method, the results of the discovery cohort indicated that waist circumference, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly linked to HCC occurrence risk. Furthermore, body fat percentage, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), obesity class 1-3, waist-to-hip ratio, iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and urate had suggestive associations with HCC. The validation cohort further confirmed that NAFLD and ALT levels were strongly related to HCC. Reverse MR indicated that genetic susceptibility to HCC was connected to NAFLD and transferrin saturation. Sensitivity analyses showed that most of the findings were robust.
conclusionThis MR study delivers evidence of the complex causal relationship between modifiable risk factors and HCC. These findings offer new insights into potential prevention and treatment strategies for HCC.
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