Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40164932›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025

Correlates of Patient Trust in Doctors: Demographic Factors and Experiences of Medical Care Discrimination.

Lindsey M Mundy, Suzanne E Judd, Olivio J Clay, Virginia J Howard, Raegan W Durant, Erin E Ballard, Michael Crowe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lindsey M MundyDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA. lmundy@uab.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-7674-4928
Suzanne E JuddDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Olivio J ClayDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Virginia J HowardDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Raegan W DurantDepartment of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Erin E BallardDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Michael CroweDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
Research Education CoreP30AG031054 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CROWTHER, MARTHA R · 2007 to 2025
$11.6M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG031054NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhen providing healthcare services to diverse populations of middle-aged and older adults, it is important to understand factors that may influence the amount of trust they have in their doctors, such as demographic factors and previous experiences of discrimination.

objectiveWe examined correlates of general trust in doctors in a national sample of adults in the USA.

designThe REGARDS longitudinal cohort study included measures of trust in doctors and discrimination at a follow-up visit. Cross-sectional sequential linear regression models, with general trust in doctors as the outcome, first included demographic factors and then added discrimination in a medical care setting.

participantsThe baseline REGARDS sample included community-dwelling participants across the contiguous USA who identified as White or Black/African American and were aged 45 or older. Our analytic sample included 8500 participants who completed the second in-home REGARDS visit and were aged 52 years or older. MAIN MEASURES: Trust was measured by the General Trust in Doctors Scale. Participants also reported whether they had ever experienced discrimination in a medical care setting. KEY

resultsFemale sex (b = -1.41, p < 0.05), Black/African American race (b = -0.40, p < 0.05), and having a higher level of education (b = -0.45, p < 0.05) were each independently related to lower trust in doctors. Older age (b = 0.10, p < 0.05) was associated with higher trust. Previous discrimination had a negative association with trust (b = -4.27, p < 0.05) and the relationship between race and trust was reduced to zero (b = 0.28, p = 0.155) with discrimination in the model.

conclusionsPrevious discrimination experiences in a medical care setting completely attenuated the relationship between race and trust in doctors, a prominent finding that should be considered when providing healthcare services to diverse populations of adults.

Indexed as

Physician-Patient RelationsPhysiciansRacismTrustAgedBlack or African AmericanCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesWhiteHealthcare inequityPhysician-patient relationshipRace

Identifiers

PMID40164932
PMCPMC12686279

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.