Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40165155›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

Inflammatory burden index is correlated with increased depression: a population-based study.

Xiangzhi Shao, Zuopu Xie, Lielie Zhu

Abstract read
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Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiangzhi ShaoDepartment of Rehabilitation, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 9 Jiaowei Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
Zuopu XieDepartment of Gastroenterology, Pingyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pingyang county, Wenzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China.
Lielie ZhuDepartment of Rehabilitation, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 9 Jiaowei Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, P. R. China. eillie@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDepression is intricately correlated with systemic inflammatory responses. The Inflammatory Burden Index (IBI) has recently been introduced as a comprehensive metric for evaluating systemic inflammation. This study aims to explore the correlation between IBI and depression in the general population.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period from 1999 to 2018. IBI was formulated as C-reactive protein×neutrophils/lymphocytes. The correlation between the prevalence of depression and IBI was explored through multivariate logistic regression analyses, as well as subgroup, interaction, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and sensitivity analyses.

resultsA total of 14,557 subjects were included in this study, of whom, 1231 (8.5%) had depression. According to multivariate logistic regression and RCS analyses, a significantly linearly positive correlation was observed between IBI and depression [odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.01, 1.05, P = 0.007]. Subjects in the third tertile of IBI exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of depression, with 40.0% affected, compared to those in the first tertile (P < 0.001). This correlation was consistently observed across all subgroups through stratified analysis (all interaction P > 0.05). After sensitivity analyses excluding participants with upper and lower 2.5% of IBI, the correlation between IBI and depression remained stable (OR = 1.08; 95%CI, 1.01, 1.15, P < 0.001).

conclusionThese findings in this study indicate a positive correlation between IBI and depression in American adults. Further large-scale prospective studies are still needed to analyze the role of IBI in depression.

Indexed as

C-Reactive ProteinDepressionDepressive DisorderInflammationAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPrevalenceUnited StatesC-Reactive ProteinChronic inflammationC-reactive proteinDepressionDepressiveInflammatory burden index

Identifiers

PMID40165155
PMCPMC11956433

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.