Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40165574›Full record

ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2025

Non-Linear Association Between Physical Activities and Type 2 Diabetes in 2.4 Million Korean Population, 2009-2022: A Nationwide Representative Study.

Wonwoo Jang, Seokjun Kim, Yejun Son, Soeun Kim, Hayeon Lee, Jaeyu Park, Kyeongmin Lee, Jiseung Kang, Damiano Pizzol, Jiyoung Hwang and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wonwoo Jang *Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1070-3232
Seokjun Kim *Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8716-7904
Yejun Son *Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3939-2983
Soeun KimCenter for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5874-417X
Hayeon LeeCenter for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2403-6241
Jaeyu ParkCenter for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2009-386X
Kyeongmin LeeCenter for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0379-2151
Jiseung KangDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-7572
Damiano PizzolHealth Unit, Eni, San Donato Milanese, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-0774
Jiyoung HwangCenter for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. cindy.jyhwang@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-374X
Sang Youl RheeDepartment of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-5818
Dong Keon YonDepartment of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948

Funding

Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2024-00460379
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough excessive physical activity (PA) does not always confer additional health benefits, there is a paucity of studies that have quantitatively examined the dose-response relationship between PA and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the type 2 diabetes prevalence and intensity, frequency, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score of PA in a large population sample.

methodsWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional analysis examining sociodemographic variables, PA habits, and type 2 diabetes prevalence in 2,428,448 participants included in the Korea Community Health Survey. The non-linear association between MET score and odds ratios (ORs) for type 2 diabetes prevalence was plotted using a weighted generalized additive model. Categorical analysis was used to examine the joint association of moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), and the influence of PA frequency.

resultsMET score and diabetes prevalence revealed a non-linear association with the nadir at 1,028 MET-min/week, beyond which ORs increased with additional PA. Joint analysis of MPA and VPA showed the lowest OR of 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.84) for those engaging in 300-600 MET-min/week of MPA and > 600 MET-min/week of VPA concurrently, corresponding with World Health Organization recommendations. Additionally, both "weekend warriors" and "regularly active" individuals showed lower ORs compared to the inactive, although no significant difference was noted between the active groups.

conclusionIn a large South Korean sample, higher PA is not always associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes, as the association follows a non-linear pattern; differences existed across sociodemographic variables. Considering the joint association, an adequate combination of MPA and VPA is recommended. The frequency of PA does not significantly influence the type 2 diabetes prevalence.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioPrevalenceRepublic of KoreaMetabolic Equivalent of TaskPhysical ActivityPrevalenceSouth KoreaType 2 Diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40165574
PMCPMC11964904

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.