Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40165901›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in oncology2025

Inflammation and cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences.

Hikmet Akkız, Halis Şimşek, Deniz Balcı, Yakup Ülger, Engin Onan, Nevin Akçaer, Anıl Delik

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Comparison of inflammation-based biomarkers in metastatic testicular cancer at initial diagnosis.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2026
    Article
  2. Crosslink Between Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Status in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: Prognostic and Theranostic Impact.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026
    Article
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  12. Association between oral health and frailty among older cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Article
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  19. Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes in Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hikmet AkkızDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Halis ŞimşekDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Deniz BalcıDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Yakup ÜlgerDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
Engin OnanDepartment of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Baskent University, Adana, Türkiye.
Nevin AkçaerDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Adana, Türkiye.
Anıl DelikDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy of anticancer treatments in cancer. It affects all stages of cancer, from the initiation of carcinogenesis to metastasis. Chronic inflammation induces immunosup-pression, providing an environment conducive to carcinogenesis, whereas acute inflammation induces an antitumor immune response, leading to tumor suppression. Solid tumors have an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) containing cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and soluble molecules, which plays a key role in tumor progression and therapy response. Both cancer cells and stromal cells in the TME are highly plastic and constantly change their phenotypic and functional properties. Cancer-associated inflammation, the majority of which consists of innate immune cells, plays an important role in cancer cell plasticity, cancer progression and the development of anticancer drug resistance. Today, with the combined used of advanced technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial molecular imaging analysis, the pathways linking chronic inflammation to cancer have been largely elucidated. In this review article, we highlighted the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cancer-associated inflammation and its effects on cancer progression and treatment response. We also comprehensively review the mechanisms linking chronic inflammation to cancer in the setting of GI cancers.

Indexed as

adaptive immunitycancer-associated fibroblastscancer-associated inflammationgastro-intestinal cancerinnate immunitytumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40165901
PMCPMC11955699

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.