ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Mucosal multivalent NDV-based vaccine provides cross-reactive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- IRO-203: a novel intranasal COVID-19 vaccine showing immunogenicity and viral suppression in African green monkey challenge study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Co-immunization with two recombinant Newcastle disease viruses expressing ILTV gB and H9N2 AIV HA confers protective efficacy against three avian pathogens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria: a Promising Mucosal Delivery Vector for Vaccines.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunogenicity and efficacy of homologous and heterologous NDV and MVA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in mice and hamsters.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- An Evaluation of the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of a Combined Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis,Vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: A new generation of mucosal vaccine against the ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 is of great value to fight COVID-19. In previous studies, our groups developed a viral vector vaccine based on an avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (NDV-HXP-S). Methods: Here we characterized the Results: NDV showed restricted replication in mice and hamsters. Despite limited replication, intranasal live NDV-HXP-S provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and direct-contact transmission in hamsters. Importantly, a trivalent live NDV-HXP-S vaccine (Wuhan, Beta, Delta) induced more cross-reactive antibody responses against the phylogenetically distant Omicron variant than the ancestral vaccine. Furthermore, intranasal trivalent live NDV-HXP-S boosted systemic and mucosal immunity in mice pre-immunized with mRNA vaccine. Discussion: Overall, a mucosal multivalent live NDV-HXP-S vaccine shows great promise as a safe, next-generation vaccine conferring broad mucosal and systemic immunity against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.