ArticleLipids in health and disease2025
Stronger associations of the phase angle than the TyG index with micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with albuminuria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship between low phase angle and impaired healing of diabetic foot ulcer: a retrospective cohort study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- TyG index is associated with microalbuminuria in a large population-based study: independent and exploratory interaction analyses.PloS one · 2026Article
- The predictive potential of surrogate indicators of insulin resistance for type 2 diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Analysis of body composition characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study based on a bioelectrical impedance analyzer.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The cholesterol-HDL-glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdentifying micro- and macrovascular damage through microalbuminuria and arterial stiffness is essential for preventing renal and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The primary goal of this research is to investigate the association of the phase angle (PA), triglyceride‒glucose (TyG) index, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with microalbuminuria and arterial stiffness in patients with T2D.
methodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 938 participants with T2D were enrolled. The PA was calculated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of PA, the TyG index and HOMA-IR with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] > 30 mg/g using overnight urine) and increased arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV] > 1400 cm/s), respectively. Potential nonlinear relationships between PA, the TyG index, and the prevalence of microalbuminuria and increased arterial stiffness were assessed via restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analysis evaluated the robustness of the association.
resultsPA was inversely correlated with the UACR (r = -0.29, P < 0.001) and baPWV (r = -0.37, P < 0.001). Confounder-adjusted analyses revealed that the highest tertile of PA was significantly associated with lower prevalences of both microalbuminuria and increased arterial stiffness than the lowest tertile, with ORs of 0.305 and 0.467 and P trends < 0.001 and 0.017, respectively. Conversely, the highest TyG tertile was associated with increased prevalences of microalbuminuria and increased arterial stiffness, with ORs of 1.727 and 1.625, respectively, but the P trends were not statistically significant. There were no significant associations between HOMA-IR and microalbuminuria and increased arterial stiffness. RCS analysis further confirmed a significant linear relationship between PA and both vascular complications. Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated the association between PA and microalbuminuria across all subgroups stratified by sex, age, BMI, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes (all P < 0.01).
conclusionsCompared with the TyG index and HOMA-IR, PA is independently and more strongly associated with microalbuminuria and increased arterial stiffness in patients with T2D.
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