ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Intestinal-pulmonary axis: a 'Force For Good' against respiratory viral infections.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Kai-Bi-Bu-Fei Decoction Protects Mice Against Influenza Virus-Induced Severe Pneumonia via Gut Microbiota-Short Chain Fatty Acid Axis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Article
- Differential regulatory mechanisms of gut-derived SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) on the pulmonary TLR2 signaling pathway and their roles in the inflammatory balance of bacterial pneumonia.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutics of immunometabolic reprogramming driving macrophage-ECs interactions in sepsis-associated ARDS from the gut-lung axis perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The potential role of lily polysaccharide in mitigating radiation-induced pneumonitis via the gut-lung axis: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms by which complex carbohydrates influence immune imbalance in COPD via the gut-lung axis: from colonic fermentation to pulmonary immune responses.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Eosinophil-associated intestinal immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mice.PloS one · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal complications in intensive care.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- The gut-lung axis in severe pneumonia-related lung injury: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune cell metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, tumor microenvironment, and future immunotherapeutic directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Pulmonary and Intestinal Injury by Inhibiting TP53 Mediated Ferroptosis.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are a major global public health concern, and current antiviral therapies still have limitations. In recent years, research has revealed significant similarities between the immune systems of the gut and lungs, which interact through the complex physiological network known as the "gut-lung axis." As one of the largest immune organs, the gut, along with the lungs, forms an inter-organ immune network, with strong parallels in innate immune mechanisms, such as the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Furthermore, the gut microbiota influences antiviral immune responses in the lungs through mechanisms such as systemic transport of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, immune cell migration, and cytokine regulation. Studies have shown that gut dysbiosis can exacerbate the severity of respiratory infections and may impact the efficacy of antiviral therapies. This review discusses the synergistic role of the gut-lung axis in antiviral immunity against respiratory viruses and explores potential strategies for modulating the gut microbiota to mitigate respiratory viral infections. Future research should focus on the immune mechanisms of the gut-lung axis to drive the development of novel clinical treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.