Evidence mapPaperPMID 40171886Full record

Trial reportJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2025

Long-Term Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Training on Metabolic Syndrome: An 8-Year Follow-Up Randomized Clinical Trial.

Felix Morales-Palomo, Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas, Laura Alvarez-Jimenez, Diego Mora-Gonzalez, Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Felix Morales-PalomoExercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-8592
Alfonso Moreno-CabañasExercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-425X
Laura Alvarez-JimenezDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4286-8230
Diego Mora-GonzalezDepartment of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-7905
Ricardo Mora-RodriguezExercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-4933

Funding

Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness DEP-2017-83244-RSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation PID2020-116159RB-IOO MCIN
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of five cardiometabolic risk factors that typically worsen with age. One exercise-training programme is effective at improving those factors in middle-aged individuals with MetS. To our knowledge, exercise-training efficacy as MetS individuals age has not been explored. This study determined the effectiveness of a periodized exercise training programme for individuals with MetS after a follow-up period of 8 years.

methodsForty-seven individuals with MetS were block-randomized into an EXERCISE (n = 22, 52 ± 8 years old, 23% women) or a CONTROL group (n = 25, 53 ± 8 years old, 32% women). Both groups received standard health care, including medical counselling and lifestyle advice at least every 6 months, while participants in EXERCISE also underwent a supervised exercise programme. The intervention lasted 8 years and consisted of 4 months per year (November to March) of high-intensity interval training thrice weekly. At baseline, and after 4 and 8 years of treatment, we assessed body composition, MetS components (i.e., MetS Z score), medication use, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; assessed by VO

resultsParadoxically, MetS Z score and body weight were reduced after 8 years (subjects aged from 52 to 60 years old) in both groups (time effect p < 0.001 and p = 0.008; time × group interaction p = 0.253 and p = 0.130). However, in those 8 years, the medicine use score increased threefold in CONTROL (137% increase; from 1.7 to 3.9; p < 0.001) while it did not change in EXERCISE (33%; from 2.0 to 2.7; p = 0.066). In 8 years, CRF and W

conclusionsOur data suggest that annual exercise training has similar clinical efficacy to triple oral medication for the management of MetS in individuals aged 50 to 60 years. The health of individuals with cardiometabolic disorders can be maintained as they age by increasing medication or by participating in an annual intensive exercise programme.

Indexed as

ExerciseExercise TherapyHigh-Intensity Interval TrainingMetabolic SyndromeFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle Agedageingdrug utilizationexercise interventionmetabolic syndromephysical fitness

Identifiers

PMID40171886
PMCPMC11962644

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.