Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40176149›Full record

SynthesisJournal of health, population, and nutrition2025

Dominance of antimicrobial resistance bacteria and risk factors of bacteriuria infection among pregnant women in East Africa: implications for public health.

Molla Getie Mehari, Almaw Genet Yeshiwas, Dereje Esubalew, Yehzibalem Azmeraw, Amare Mebrat Delie, Liknaw Workie Limenh, Nigus Kassie Worku, Mickiale Hailu, Mihret Melese, Alemwork Abie and 5 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Molla Getie Mehari *Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Almaw Genet YeshiwasDepartment of environmental health, college of medicine and health science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Dereje EsubalewDepartment of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Yehzibalem AzmerawDepartment of plant science, College of agriculture, food and climate Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Amare Mebrat DelieDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Liknaw Workie LimenhDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Nigus Kassie WorkuDepartment of public health, college of Medicine and health science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Mickiale HailuDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and health science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Mihret MeleseDepartment of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Alemwork AbieDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Tenagnework Eseyneh DagnawDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Eneyew Talie FentaDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Abraham TeymDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Rahel Mulatie AntenehDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Chalachew Yenew *Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. chalachewyenew50@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBacterial infections in pregnancy pose significant health risks in East Africa. This study estimates pooled prevalence and identifies key risk factors, addressing limited data to improve maternal health outcomes in the region.

methodsThis study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyzing data from eight East African studies (2016-2021). Searches spanned PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and more, with manual reference checks. Data quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RevMan software with a random-effects model estimated pooled prevalence and hazard ratios for risk factors.

resultsA pooled analysis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacterial isolates from pregnant women in East Africa highlights concerning prevalence rates of various pathogens. Escherichia coli emerged as the most common pathogen, present in 43% (95% CI: 37-48%) of cases, followed by Staphylococcus aureus at 20% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.29) and Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, and Nocardia species (CONs) in 16% (95% CI: 10-23%) and 16% (95% CI: 12-21%) (Prevalence of K. pneumoniae). A very small proportion 6% (95% CI: 2 - 11%) was found to be infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The forest plot highlights risk factors for infections in pregnant women in East Africa: antibiotic use (HR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5-2.6), smoking (HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.6), poor sanitation (HR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.4), diabetes (HR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5-2.8), and age > 30 years (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0).

conclusionsThis analysis reveals a significant prevalence of bacterial infections, particularly Escherichia coli, among pregnant women in East Africa, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicating treatment. The study identified several key risk factors, including antibiotic use, smoking, poor sanitation, diabetes, and age over 30, which are associated with higher rates of infection. While these findings emphasize the need for further research, the results suggest that routine bacterial screening, AMR surveillance, improved sanitation, and antibiotic stewardship are important steps in mitigating the impact of these infections. Public health strategies should prioritize high-risk groups, encourage hygiene practices, and continue to guide policy and interventions through ongoing studies.

Indexed as

BacteriuriaDrug Resistance, BacterialPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPublic HealthAfrica, EasternAnti-Bacterial AgentsFemaleHumansPregnancyPrevalenceRisk FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial Resistance (AMR)Bacterial infectionsEscherichia coliPregnant womenPublic Health interventions

Identifiers

PMID40176149
PMCPMC11966932

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.