Evidence mapPaperPMID 40178744Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025

Mortality patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in the United States: a retrospective analysis from 1999 to 2020.

Ahmed Raza, Eeshal Fatima, Abu Huraira Bin Gulzar, Mirza Ammar Arshad, Zain Ali Nadeem, Rahman Tanveer, Syed Hashim Ali Inam, Paul Ferguson

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Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ahmed RazaServices Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghaus-Ul-Azam Road (Jail Road), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. ahmed786raza3@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1633-3827
Eeshal FatimaServices Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghaus-Ul-Azam Road (Jail Road), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Abu Huraira Bin GulzarServices Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghaus-Ul-Azam Road (Jail Road), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Mirza Ammar ArshadRahbar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, 54810, Pakistan.
Zain Ali NadeemAllama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Rahman TanveerPunjab Medical College, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Syed Hashim Ali InamDepartment of Neurology, Marshall University Neuroscience, Huntington, West Virginia, 25755, USA.
Paul FergusonChairman of Neurology, Marshall University Neuroscience, Huntington, West Virginia, 25755, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLate-onset AD refers to the occurrence of AD after the age of 65. It is the primary cause of late-onset dementia. Studies indicate that persons diagnosed with diabetes are more susceptible to late-onset AD. Diabetes manifests as insulin resistance, which can have significant effects on cognitive function and contribute to the development of AD.

methodsThe CDC WONDER database was used to determine the crude death rates (CR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals, 65 years and above. Joinpoint Regression Program was used to examine the changes in AAMR in the form of annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC).

resultsFrom 1999 to 2020, late-onset AD and diabetes were associated with 185,059 deaths in the older US population, demonstrating an increasing trend (AAPC = 2.87). Females (20.38) had higher AAMR than males (19.62). Non-Hispanic (NH) African Americans experienced the highest AAMR (28.01), while non-Hispanic Asians experienced the lowest (16.09). AAMRs varied by region (West: 23.53, Midwest: 21.51, South: 21.0, Northeast: 13.50). States with the highest AAMR percent change were Nebraska and Louisiana; those with the lowest were Montana and New Hampshire. Most deaths occurred at hospice/nursing facilities (57.96%). Non-metropolitan areas showed a higher mortality burden (25.05) than metropolitan areas (19.02).

conclusionsThere was an increasing mortality trend for late-onset AD among the population with diabetes in the US, with high mortality in females, NH African Americans, and the Western region.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedAged, 80 and overAge of OnsetFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesCDC WONDERDiabetes mellitusLate-onset Alzheimer’s diseaseMortality

Identifiers

PMID40178744

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.