Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40180433›Full record

Trial reportBMJ global health2025

A pragmatic covariate-constrained cluster-randomised controlled trial of hybrid parents and health workers adaptive intervention for optimal (timely, cumulative age-appropriate) community-wide routine childhood immunisation coverage: the AGINTOPIC trial.

Ugwu I Omale, Richard L Ewah, Chidinma I Amuzie, Cordis O Ikegwuonu, Glory E Nkwo, Chimaobi C Iwegbulam, Louisa C Ekwuazi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialPragmatic Clinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ugwu I OmaleCommunity Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Nigeria omaleiu@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-8992
Richard L EwahAnaesthesia, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Chidinma I AmuzieCommunity Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria.
Cordis O IkegwuonuCommunity Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Glory E NkwoCommunity Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria.
Chimaobi C IwegbulamPaediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria.
Louisa C EkwuaziCommunity Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionVaccine-preventable infectious diseases (VPDs) covered by routine childhood immunisation programmes are major causes of morbidity/mortality as outbreaks continue to reoccur despite repeated efforts to increase immunisation coverage. This trial aimed at increasing optimal/timely immunisation coverage.

methodsThe Adaptive Group Intervention for Optimal routine childhood Immunisation Coverage (AGINTOPIC) trial was conducted from 1 June 2022 to 31 May 2023 in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. 16 geographical clusters (where the primary healthcare facilities were providing weekly routine childhood immunisation) were covariate-constrained-randomised (1:1) to control arm (receiving no intervention) and intervention arm (receiving hybrid parents/health workers adaptive engagement to enlighten/facilitate regular communications/working relationships between them regarding optimal immunisation). The primary outcomes included the proportion of children aged 5-9 months who had optimal/timely (cumulative age-appropriate) receipt of every recommended birth to 14 weeks vaccine and the age-appropriate vaccines receipt (receipt timeliness) score. The outcomes were measured via baseline and end-of-study repeated cross-sectional surveys. All analyses were done using a cluster-level method on intention-to-treat basis, and randomisation-based inference was done via adjusted clustered permutation tests (aCPTs) to check the robustness/validity of the main findings.

resultsA mean proportion of 6.0% (SD 8.1) of children aged 5-9 months in the control arm had optimal/timely receipt of every recommended birth to 14 weeks vaccine, vs 14.3% (11.7) in the intervention arm (adjusted prevalence difference 10.8%, 95% CI 0.8% to 20.9%, p=0.0376, aCPT p=0.0093). The mean age-appropriate vaccines receipt score was 75.1 (17.8) in the control arm, vs 85.5 (9.5) in the intervention arm (adjusted mean difference 9.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 17.9, p=0.0317, aCPT p=0.0155).

conclusionsThe AGINTOPIC intervention significantly increased the optimal/timely (cumulative age-appropriate) community-wide routine childhood immunisation coverage, and the evidence illuminates the need for the exploration and adaptation of such pragmatic/dynamic/scalable community engagement intervention by routine childhood immunisation programmes in the global efforts to address the recurrent outbreaks of VPDs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN59811905.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelImmunization ProgramsParentsVaccination CoverageCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansImmunization ScheduleInfantMaleNigeriaChild healthCluster randomized trialImmunisationOther infection, disease, disorder, or injuryPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID40180433
PMCPMC11967002

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.