Evidence mapPaperPMID 40180440Full record

ArticleDrug testing and analysis2025

Sports Supplement Analysis Survey for the Prevalence of WADA Prohibited Substances in the Australian Online Marketplace.

Louise Barker, Adam Cawley, Naomi Speers, Kerry Knowler, Karina Chilman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Louise BarkerRacing Analytical Services Ltd Incorporating HASTA, Flemington, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4957-2744
Adam CawleyRacing Analytical Services Ltd Incorporating HASTA, Flemington, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-8617
Naomi SpeersSport Integrity Australia, Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Kerry KnowlerSport Integrity Australia, Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Karina ChilmanSport Integrity Australia, Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Funding

Sport Integrity Australia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sports supplements are used extensively by people involved in competitive sports. However, a proportion of sports supplements contain World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances, which have the potential to cause an anti-doping rule violation (ADRV). In 2022, Sport Integrity Australia (SIA) contracted Human and Supplements Testing Australia (HASTA) to purchase and analyse 200 sports supplement products available in the Australian online marketplace. The aim of the survey was to determine the likelihood of purchasing a product containing one or more WADA Prohibited Substances. Of the 200 products purchased, 35% contained WADA Prohibited Substances, with the majority of these findings being stimulants. Products marketed as pre-workouts, fat burners and muscle builders were the most likely to contain prohibited substances. It is notable that 83% of the WADA Prohibited Substances detected were naturally occurring compounds; only two of the products contained high levels of synthetic stimulants. Fifty-seven percent of the products that contained WADA Prohibited Substances did not have the substances labelled as ingredients on the packaging or website. Athlete education concerning sports supplements should remain a high priority, with a prevalence rate of approximately one in three products purchased containing WADA Prohibited Substances. To reduce the risk of an inadvertent ADRV, if an athlete wishes to use sports supplements, they should consult with their medical practitioner or accredited sports dietician (ASD) as to whether they require them and, if so, only take products that have been independently tested.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsDoping in SportsPerformance-Enhancing SubstancesAustraliaHumansInternetSubstance Abuse DetectionSurveys and QuestionnairesPerformance-Enhancing Substances

Identifiers

PMID40180440
PMCPMC12489291

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.