ArticleScientific reports2025
Evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-associated gastrointestinal symptoms using the prescription claims database.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prescribing Cascades: An Umbrella Review and Updated Systematic Review.Drugs & aging · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of a Community Pharmacist-Led Intervention Program for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Non-Randomized Comparative Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are widely used in Japan; however, their incretin activity raise concerns about gastrointestinal adverse events (GAEs). Therefore, we aimed to investigate GAEs symptoms commonly associated with DPP-4is and associated symptomatic treatment, to enable community pharmacists in charge of pharmaceutical management of outpatient prescriptions in Japan to strengthen patient intervention strategies. Therefore, we conducted a prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) using a prescription claims database (2018-2022) of a domestic chain pharmacy to evaluate the association between DPP-4is and GAEs. Adjusted sequence ratios (ASRs), a safety index, were calculated based on three treatment groups: prokinetic agents (dopamine D2 receptor blockers and serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonists), gastric acid suppressants (histamine H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors), and laxatives, and the order in which DPP-4is were prescribed. The ASR was calculated for 90, 180, and 360 days, and subgroup analyses were performed for prokinetic agents and gastric acid suppressants groups based on their mechanism of action. ASR values > 1 indicated significant association with DPP-4is. PSSA results showed DPP-4is association across all observation periods for prokinetic agents and laxatives, but not for gastric acid suppressants. Subgroup analyses indicated a similar trend, suggesting that DPP-4is are associated with nausea and constipation owing to functional impairment rather than gastric acid secretion. Additionally, prescription data confirmed the possibility of adding gastrointestinal medications, which could cause a potential prescribing cascade, after prescribing DPP-4is. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening follow-up between patient visits to facilitate the early detection of GAEs caused by DPP-4is, and carefully considering the risks and benefits of symptomatic treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.