Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40182017›Full record

ArticleAJO international2025

Time spent on eye disease screening, optical care, and care navigation within a federally qualified health center.

Madeline K Weber, Maria A Woodward, Ming-Chen Lu, Leslie M Niziol, Jade Livingston, Mildred Silva Zuccaro, Suzanne Winter, Rithambara Ramachandran, Leroy Johnson, Amanda K Bicket and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AJO international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Madeline K WeberDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Maria A WoodwardDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ming-Chen LuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Leslie M NiziolDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jade LivingstonDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Mildred Silva ZuccaroDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Suzanne WinterDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Rithambara RamachandranDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Leroy JohnsonHamilton Community Health Network, Flint, MI, USA.
Amanda K BicketDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Angela R ElamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Paula Anne Newman-CaseyDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

NCCDPHP CDC HHS U01 DP006442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To quantify time spent on eye disease screening, optical care, and care navigation tasks during the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in Michigan, with the goal of anticipating workforce needs to inform the scalability of similar programs in low-resource settings. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ophthalmic technicians recorded time spent with MI-SIGHT participants on eye disease screening tasks and optical care over 22 days from October 1 to October 31, 2023, and care navigation tasks over 22 days from December 4, 2023, to February 2, 2024. Eye disease screening tasks included a health history, measuring visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, intraocular pressure, pachymetry, taking external and fundus photos and macular and retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography images. Optical care tasks included refraction, ordering glasses, coordinating glasses pickups, dispensing and fitting glasses, and handling returns. Care navigation tasks included scheduling follow-up appointments, assisting with insurance, and providing medical interpretation and education. Minutes spent on tasks were summarized with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum). Full-time equivalent (FTE) was calculated as the percentage of full-time hours over 22 days. Results: 154 participants receiving care through the MI-SIGHT program were included. Technicians spent 21.4 % of an FTE on eye disease screening, 23.6 % on optical care, and 12.1 % on care navigation, with remaining FTE spent on other tasks including outreach, study coordination and research (42.9 %). Conclusions: Integrating optical care and care navigation services within a free eye disease screening program is time-intensive but can help deliver comprehensive, accessible eye care to low-income populations. The MI-SIGHT program offers a model for expanding eye care services in FQHCs and improving vision outcomes for medically underserved communities. This study provides insights into personnel needs to guide the scaling of similar programs in low-resource settings. Precis: The Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program offers a novel approach to eye care by providing free eye disease screenings, optical services, and care navigation at a federally qualified health center to improve vision outcomes and eye health in underserved communities. This time study provides workforce estimates to guide the scaling of similar comprehensive eye care programs in low-resource settings.

Indexed as

Care navigationEye disease screeningFederally qualified health centerFQHCOptical careTime analysis

Identifiers

PMID40182017
PMCPMC11963230

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.