Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40184495›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2025

The role of willpower beliefs in diabetes distress and general emotional well-being in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Ralph Geerling, Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott, Jane Speight, Tim Skinner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ralph GeerlingSchool of Psychology, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-5695
Elizabeth Holmes-TruscottSchool of Psychology, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-4663
Jane SpeightSchool of Psychology, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-6896
Tim SkinnerThe Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-6963

Funding

AstraZeneca AustraliaDiabetes Victoria
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo examine the role implicit theories of willpower play in the experience of diabetes distress and general emotional well-being using a cross sectional study design.

methodsAustralian adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 270; 56% women; age: 61 ± 12 years), recruited via a national diabetes registry, completed an online survey assessing: willpower beliefs, general emotional well-being, diabetes distress, personality, general self-efficacy and diabetes self-efficacy. Analyses included bivariate correlations and linear regression, adjusted for demographic, clinical and psychological variables.

resultsUnadjusted analyses showed willpower beliefs have moderate correlations with general emotional well-being, emotionality and general self-efficacy; and weak correlations with diabetes distress, diabetes self-efficacy, extraversion, conscientiousness and age. Adjusted analyses showed willpower beliefs are a significant predictor of general emotional well-being, but not diabetes distress, independent of self-efficacy and diabetes distress, and potentially mediated by personality and diabetes self-efficacy.

conclusionsWillpower beliefs predict general emotional well-being, but not diabetes distress. Further research is needed to confirm these pathways.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Stress, PsychologicalAdultAgedAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesEmotionsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPersonalityPsychological DistressSelf EfficacySurveys and Questionnairesdiabetes distresspersonalityself‐efficacytype 2 diabeteswell‐beingwillpower

Identifiers

PMID40184495
PMCPMC12151812

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.