Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40186384›Full record

SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025

Once-Weekly Insulin Versus Once-Daily Insulin for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Obieda Altobaishat, Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla, Suliman Almohtasib, Husam Abu Suilik, AlMothana Manasrah, Mohamed Abouzid, Mustafa Turkmani, Mohamed Abuelazm

Abstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Obieda AltobaishatFaculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0001-7213-0507
Ahmed Farid GadelmawlaFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
Suliman AlmohtasibFaculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-0707-2990
Husam Abu SuilikFaculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-2807-3725
AlMothana ManasrahInternal Medicine Department, United Health Services-Wilson Medical Center, Johnson City, New York, USA.
Mohamed AbouzidDepartment of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8917-671X
Mustafa TurkmaniFaculty of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-4261-0638
Mohamed AbuelazmFaculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-2514-0689

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a considerable global health burden, affecting approximately 5%-10% of individuals with diabetes. Once-weekly basal insulin could substantially reduce the number of injections for T1DM patients from 365 daily to 52 weekly doses annually. Therefore, this meta-analysis compares the safety and efficacy of once-weekly insulin formulations.

methodsThe systematic review and meta-analysis included the relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases until September 2024. The meta-analysis was performed using (RevMan 5.4.1). The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024603022).

resultsThree RCTs comprising 1724 participants were included. Once-daily insulin significantly decreased glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to once-weekly insulin (estimated treatment difference: 0.09%, 95% CI [0.07, 0.11], p < 0.00001). Fasting blood glucose levels were comparable between the once-weekly and once-daily insulin groups (estimated treatment difference: 0.44 mg/dL, 95% CI [-0.64, 1.52], p = 0.42). Once-weekly insulin was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of injection site reactions (RR: 3.48 with 95% CI [1.30, 9.31], p = 0.01), serious adverse events (RR: 1.55 with 95% CI [1.09, 2.19], p = 0.01), and treatment-emergent adverse events (RR: 1.12 with 95% CI [1.02, 1.23], p = 0.02), while no significant difference was observed in hypersensitivity reactions (RR: 1.04 with 95% CI [0.78, 1.38], p = 0.79).

conclusionOnce-daily insulin has demonstrated slightly superior HbA1c reduction, while once-weekly insulin offers potential advantages in patient adherence. However, these benefits must be weighed against an increased risk of injection site reactions and nocturnal hypoglycemia. Although once-weekly insulin is more convenient, treatment decisions should consider individual patient factors such as hypoglycemia risk and tolerance to injection reactions.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinBlood GlucoseDrug Administration ScheduleGlycated HemoglobinHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulindiabetes mellitusinsulinmeta‐analysisT1DM

Identifiers

PMID40186384
PMCPMC11971483

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.