Evidence mapPaperPMID 40190021Full record

Observational studyBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2025

EudraVigilance insights: Suspected adverse drug reactions in infants through breastfeeding.

Ida M Heerfordt, Ditte Resendal Gotfredsen, Henrik Horwitz, Anette Kirstine Stark, Jon Trærup Andersen, Christina Gade, Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen, Rasmus Huan Olsen

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Codeine Toxicity via Breast Milk.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ida M HeerfordtDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-875X
Ditte Resendal GotfredsenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-5726
Henrik HorwitzDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anette Kirstine StarkDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jon Trærup AndersenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christina GadeDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-6158
Ulrik Lausten-ThomsenDepartment of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rasmus Huan OlsenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsWe aimed to describe suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in infants resulting from medications transmitted through mothers' milk, as reported to the European ADR database, EudraVigilance. The research sought to understand the frequency, seriousness and nature of these ADRs to assess potential risks associated with maternal medication use during breastfeeding.

methodsData from EudraVigilance were analysed. The study included all reported ADRs suspected to be related to medications transmitted through mothers' milk from 1 January 2013 to 1 July 2023. The data were categorized by reporting time, infant age and sex, seriousness and type of ADR, and the medications involved.

resultsA total of 922 suspected ADRs were reported in breastfed infants. Serious ADRs accounted for 133 cases (14%), with 15 reported fatalities, primarily associated with methadone (n = 11) and diamorphine (n = 3). COVID-19 vaccines were linked to half of the suspected ADR reports (n = 479, 52%), while serious ADRs were mainly associated with nervous system drugs (n = 73, 43%), particularly anticonvulsants and opioids. Most cases (n = 511, 55%) occurred in infants aged between 1 month and 1 year.

conclusionsThe reporting of 922 ADRs in breastfed infants over a decade, compared to the estimated millions of infants exposed to medications via mothers' milk annually in Europe, suggests a very low reporting rate of suspected ADRs. This finding emphasizes the significant challenges in postmarketing surveillance and suggests that underreporting remains a critical concern in pharmacovigilance.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsMaternal ExposureMilk, HumanAdverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsBreast FeedingEuropeFemaleHumansInfantMalebreastfeedinginfant exposureopioidspostmarketing safety surveillanceside effects

Identifiers

PMID40190021
PMCPMC12304791

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.