Immunosuppression of spleen in mice treated with erythropoietin: transcriptomic and immunological analysis.

Xinyi Lyu, Jiahao Shi, Qi Liu, Mingjun Jiang, Xilian Liu, Yulan Li, Shuqin Ding, Xianpeng Dai

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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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8 authors.

Xinyi LyuThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Jiahao ShiThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Qi LiuThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Mingjun JiangThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Xilian LiuThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Yulan LiThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Shuqin DingClinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China.

Xianpeng DaiThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Vascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and aim: Long term high-dose erythropoietin (EPO) had been reported inducing the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in mice. When using this model, we found that EPO treated mice showed significant splenomegaly. This is an interesting phenomenon, and its mechanism has not been reported. Therefore, this study aims to explore its mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were given intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human EPO at 10000 IU/kg/day, and the control mice were treated with normal saline (vehicle). After 3 weeks, the spleens were harvested. Pathological changes in histology were observed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), verified with the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The functional-enrichment analysis including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome enrichment analysis were performed to reveal the functional characteristics and related biological pathways of DEGs. Immunohistofluorescence (IHF) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to detect immune cell subsets and proliferation markers. Results: EPO treatment resulted in splenomegaly, spleen microstructure disorder, splenic corpuscular atrophy, indistinct germinal center, and unclear boundary between white and red pulp structures. RNA-Seq showed that EPO treatment suppressed gene expression associated with immune responses, while promoted cell cycle and DNA replication. IHF and FCM validated that, at the cellular level, T, B, M1 cells were significantly reduced, and M2 cells were significantly decreased after EPO treatment. The proliferation analysis showed that the portion of EDU Conclusion: Long term high-dose EPO treatment may lead to splenomegaly and immunosuppression of the local immune microenvironment in mice. The mechanism may be related to the increased anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions caused by M2 cells. The study provides, for the first time, the transcriptomic characteristics and immunological of the spleens of EPO treated mice, providing a new perspective for the study of the effects of EPO on mice.

Indexed as

ErythropoietinImmune ToleranceSpleenTranscriptomeAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalGene Expression ProfilingMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLSplenomegalyErythropoietinerythropoietinimmunosuppressionproliferationRNA sequencingsplenomegaly

Identifiers

PMID40191193

DOI10.3389/fimmu.2025.1560589

PMCPMC11968373

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.