Evidence mapPaperPMID 40192032Full record

ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2025

Identification and Exploration of Immunity-Related Genes and Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease Based on Bioinformatics, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics.

Pengpeng Liang, Yale Wang, Jiamin Liu, Hai Huang, Yue Li, Jinhua Kang, Guiyun Li, Hongyan Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Exploring Mechanistic Targets ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Pengpeng LiangShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.ORCID 0009-0000-5079-3676
Yale WangShenzhen Longgang Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Jiamin LiuShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Hai HuangShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Yue LiShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Jinhua KangShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Guiyun LiShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
Hongyan WuShenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9523-5707

Funding

This research was supported by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality (No. SZZYSM202201007) and Soft Science Research Program Projects in Luohu District (Nos. LX202302129 and LX202302101).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent research highlights the immune system's role in AD pathogenesis and promising prospects of natural compounds in treatment. This study explores immunity-related biomarkers and potential natural products using bioinformatics, machine learning, molecular docking, and kinetic simulation.

methodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD were analyzed using GSE5281 and GSE132903 datasets. Important AD module genes were identified using a weighted co-expression algorithm (WGCNA), and immune-related genes (IRGs) were obtained from the ImmPortPortal database. Intersecting these genes yielded important IRGs. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and other methods screened common immune-related AD markers. Biological pathways were explored through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The accuracy of these markers was assessed by subject operator signature (ROC) curves and validated in the GSE122063 dataset. The datasets was then subjected to immunoinfiltration analysis. Multiple compound databases were used to analyze core Chinese medicines and components. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation verification were used for further verification.

resultsA total of 1360 differential genes and 5 biomarkers (PGF, GFAP, GPI, SST, NFKBIA) were identified, showing excellent diagnostic efficiency. GSEA revealed markers associated with Oxidative phosphorylation, Nicotine addiction, and Hippo signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis showed dysregulation in multiple immune cell types in AD brains, with significant interactions between markers and 5 immune cell types. A total of 27 possible herbs and 7 core compounds were eventually identified. The binding environment of GPI-luteolin and GPI-stigasterol was relatively stable and showed good affinity.

conclusionsPGF, GFAP, SST, GPI, and NFKBIA were identified for early AD diagnosis, associated with immune cells and pathways in AD brains. 7 promising natural compounds, including luteolin and stigmasterol, were screened for targeting these biomarkers.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBiological ProductsDrugs, Chinese HerbalImmunityBiomarkersComputational BiologyDatasets as TopicGene ExpressionHippo Signaling PathwayHumansMachine LearningMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationOxidative PhosphorylationTobacco Use DisorderBiological ProductsBiomarkersDrugs, Chinese HerbalAlzheimer's diseasebioinformaticsbiomarkersChinese herbsdynamics simulationimmune infiltrationmachine learningmolecular dockingnatrual compounds

Identifiers

PMID40192032
PMCPMC11973734

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.