Evidence mapPaperPMID 40192512Full record

ArticleInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2025

Vitamin D deficiency in a subfertility population and the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns.

Catherine M Windrim, Daniel Kane, Grainne Kelleher, Edgar Mocanu

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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Vitamin D deficiency in a subfertility population and the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Catherine M WindrimObstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-4100
Daniel KaneObstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-4840
Grainne KelleherDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Edgar MocanuObstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-4892

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the burden of vitamin D deficiency in female patients attending a fertility clinic in a tertiary referral center, assess temporal trends-including the potential impact of COVID-19 lockdowns-and explore socioeconomic disparities in vitamin D levels.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed vitamin D measurements from 765 female patients (mean age 35.7 ± 5.8 years) attending a fertility clinic between March 2010 and May 2022. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient (<30 nmol/L), insufficient (30-50 nmol/L), or normal (>50 nmol/L). Comparative analyses examined pre- and post-COVID periods and healthcare funding status.

resultsOverall, 39.9% (n = 305) of patients exhibited suboptimal vitamin D levels, with 8.8% (n = 67) deficient and 31.1% (n = 238) insufficient. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 62.8 ± 27.4 nmol/L. No statistically significant difference was observed between pre-COVID (44.2% suboptimal) and post-COVID (38.1% suboptimal) periods (OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.57-1.06, P = 0.110). However, marked seasonal variation was identified, with winter values significantly lower than summer values (45.3 ± 24.6 vs. 72.1 ± 28.3 nmol/L, P < 0.001). Furthermore, state-funded patients had a significantly higher rate of suboptimal vitamin D status (50.2%, n = 107) compared to self-funded patients (35.9%, n = 198, P < 0.001).

conclusionOur findings demonstrate a high prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D levels in a subfertility population, with significant seasonal fluctuations and notable socioeconomic disparities. Despite initial concerns, COVID-19 lockdown measures did not appear to adversely affect overall vitamin D status. These results support the incorporation of routine vitamin D screening in infertility evaluations and the implementation of targeted supplementation, particularly in economically vulnerable groups and during winter months.

Indexed as

COVID-19Vitamin D DeficiencyAdultFemaleHumansRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Socioeconomic FactorsVitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DVitamin Dfemalefertilitypatient educationpregnancy complicationsvitamin D deficiency

Identifiers

PMID40192512
PMCPMC12374021

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.