ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025
Intranasal Delivery of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)-Loaded Small Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats and Monkeys.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exosomes in brain diseases: Mechanisms, advances, and perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: Molecular, behavioral, and histopathological evidence.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Advances in Targeting Central Cholinergic Dysfunction for Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Pharmacotherapy to Neuromodulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Photobiomodulation‑Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Neural Differentiation via UFL1‑Mediated UFMylation in Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- MSC-sEV Promote Regeneration of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Myelin Sheaths in 3D Culture System.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Research on stem cell therapy for brain injury: A bibliometric and visual analysis (2009-2025).IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- ROS-responsive hydrogels functionalized with Cu/Zn MOF targeting oxidative stress mitigation and inflammation modulation to promote spinal cord injury repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Quality Evaluation Considerations for Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles-Based Therapeutic Products in China.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
- The Fidelity Paradox in Spinal Cord Injury: Reframing Biomechanical Mimicry and Neurobiological Relevance for Clinical Translation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Exosome-Loaded Engineered circBDNF Promotes Spinal Cord Injury Repair Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Axis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Engineering integrin αvβ8-targeted extracellular vesicles to deliver BDNF mRNA for motor recovery in spinal cord injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Biomaterial-assisted neuralization strategies for tissue engineering applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Microglia-vascular interactions after spinal cord injury: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Combined treatment of spinal cord injury using channeled Porous-GelMA scaffold loaded with genetically engineered MSCs expressing inducible ChABC and constitutive BDNF.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Nasal Delivery of Engineered Exosomes via a Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogel Depot Reprograms Glial Cells for Spinal Cord Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exosome-mediated repair of spinal cord injury: cellular sources, mechanisms of action, and combined therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Besides surgical decompression, neuroprotection and neuroinflammation reduction are critical for acute spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we prepared small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from immortalised mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and evaluated whether intranasal administration of BDNF-sEVs is a therapeutic option for acute SCI. In cultured neurons, BDNF loading enhanced neurite outgrowth promoted by sEVs. After intranasal administration, mCherry-labelled sEVs were transported to the injured spinal cords of rats and monkeys and mainly taken up by neurons. In acute SCI rats, intranasal administration of sEVs and BDNF-sEVs reduced glial responses and proinflammatory cytokine production, enhanced neuronal survival and angiogenesis in the lesion, promoted injured axon rewiring, delayed lumbar spinal motoneuron atrophy below the lesion, and improved functional performance. The rats receiving BDNF-sEV treatment showed improved neural repair and functional recovery compared to those with sEV treatment. Intranasal administration of BDNF-sEVs, but not of sEVs, increased BDNF levels and phosphorylation of downstream signals in the rat-injured spinal cord samples, indicating activation of the BDNF/TrkB signalling pathway. In acute SCI monkeys, intranasal administration of BDNF-sEVs was further confirmed to inhibit glial reactivities and proinflammatory cytokine release, increasing BDNF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, enhancing neural network rewiring of injured spinal cords and neuronal activities of the brain, and improving functional performances in behavioural tests and electrophysiological recordings. In conclusion, BDNF-sEVs play a combinatory therapeutic role of sEVs and BDNF, and intranasal administration of BDNF-sEVs is a potential option for the clinical treatment of acute SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.