Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40195273›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Racial/Ethnic and Gender Disparities in Access to Primary Care among Medicaid Patients.

Sarah Tinkler, Brigham Walker, Janna Wisniewski, Raven Susu Mago, Miron Stano, Rajiv Sharma

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Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sarah TinklerDepartment of Economics, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA. tinkler@pdx.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3902-9199
Brigham WalkerDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1900, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5617-577X
Janna WisniewskiDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1900, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1523-5801
Raven Susu MagoDepartment of Economics, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA.
Miron StanoDepartment of Economics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0720-6605
Rajiv SharmaDepartment of Economics, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7480-7427

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aims to examine the effect of Medicaid expansion on access and disparities in primary care following passage of the Affordable Care Act. DATA SOURCE: A 2013-2016 audit of a national random sample of US primary care physicians was used STUDY

designWe analyzed new patient appointment data from calls to 2574 physicians made before and after the quasi-experiment created by Medicaid expansion. Simulated patients were differentiated by race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White) and gender (male and female). PRINCIPAL

findingsIn 2013, compared to White men, Hispanic women were at a - 19 (95% CI - 36, - 2) and - 23 (95% CI - 44, - 1) percentage point disadvantage in probability of an appointment offer in expansion and non-expansion states, respectively. Post Medicaid expansion offers to Hispanic women increased by 37 percentage points (95% CI 21, 53) and offers to Black women increased by 21 percentage points (95% CI 5, 38) in expansion states. By 2016, offers to Hispanic and Black men in expansion states rose. Hispanic women remained at a - 16 percentage-point disadvantage (95% CI - 26, - 6) relative to White men in non-expansion states.

conclusionImproved access to primary care and reduced racial/ethnic and gender disparities following earlier Medicaid expansions suggest that further expansions may increase access and reduce disparities.

Indexed as

EthnicityHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityMedicaidPrimary Health CareAccess to Primary CareAdultBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActSex FactorsUnited StatesAffordable care actField experimentMedicaidPrimary careRacial/ethnic and gender disparities

Identifiers

PMID40195273

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.