ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Age-specific relationship between HIV and TB treatment outcomes in the West Region of Cameroon: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Shifting Landscape of HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infection in the MENA Region with a Focus on Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Epidemiological Analysis over Three Decades.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Predictors of Treatment Outcomes Among HIV-Positive Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Tertiary-care management of TB/HIV co-infection in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Epidemiological, clinical and outcomes of pleural tuberculosis: insights from a 646-patient cohort in the province of Khémisset, Morocco.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundCo-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses significant global public health challenges, with varying impacts across age cohorts. Evaluating tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, especially among HIV patients across different age groups, is crucial for effective TB management. This study assessed the age-specific relationship between HIV status and TB treatment outcomes among TB patients in Cameroon.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 2,455 TB patients receiving treatments in the West Region of Cameroon between January 2015 and December 2019. Data were extracted from National Tuberculosis Program Registers. The association of TB treatment outcomes with HIV and age was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.
resultsTB-HIV co-infection was significantly associated with lower TB treatment success. For HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.463 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.367-0.583, Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001). For HIV patients not on ART, the OR was 0.077 (95% CI: 0.030-0.200, Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001). A significant trend (P < 0.001) further indicated a consistent association between TB-HIV co-infection and treatment status. Older age was significantly associated with slightly lower treatment success (OR: 0.976; 95% CI: 0.969-0.983, Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001). TB-HIV co-infection remained significantly associated with lower TB treatment success after age categorization (OR; 95% CI, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 0.498; 0.394-0.631, < 0.001 for HIV patients on ART and 0.081; 0.032-0.210, < 0.001 for those without ART). The interaction between age and HIV was significant (P < 0.001). Age stratification revealed a significantly lower treatment success among HIV patients aged 25 and above, especially those not taking ART: OR (95% CI, Bonferroni-adjusted P) = 0.101 (0.032-0.312, < 0.001) and 0.038 (0.004-0.322, 0.025) for 25-44 and ≥ 45 years, respectively.
conclusionIn this study, HIV status and older age were jointly associated with lower TB treatment success. Notably, treatment success was lower among HIV-positive patients aged 25 and above, especially those not on ART. Effective patient management, routine follow-up, and integration of TB and HIV services could improve TB treatment outcomes, particularly among adult HIV patients not taking ART.
trial registrationNot applicable. This study is observational.
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