ArticleInternational journal of retina and vitreous2025
Interferon alpha-2b addition to intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interferon-mediated regulation of the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Interferon as a novel agent for management of macular edema: Where do we stand?Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIntravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents are the standard of care in DME, a sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. However, many patients show suboptimal response to anti-VEGF agents alone. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding interferon alpha 2b eye drops to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in treating patients with DME.
methodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial, eligible eyes of DME patients were randomized into two treatment arms: (1) three monthly doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) (2) three monthly doses of IVB plus interferon alpha 2b eye drops (IVB + IFN). Outcome measures were changes in central macular thickness (CMT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over four months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible adverse events were also documented.
resultsA total of 87 eyes of 87 patients with DME were included (mean age: 64.1, female-to-male ratio ~ 1:1). Anatomical and visual improvements were significant in both groups (p-value < 0.001). CMT reduction and BCVA improvement were greater in the IVB + IFN compared to the IVB group (-117 μm vs. -54 μm, 0.2 vs. 0.1 LogMAR, p-values = 0.004 and < 0.001, respectively). Final IOP was lower in the IVB + IFN group (p value = 0.02), but within groups changes were not significant in either arm (p-value > 0.05). No serious side effects associated with IFN alpha 2b were observed.
conclusionsAdjunction of topical IFN alpha 2b to standard IVB therapy may result in superior functional and structural improvements in eyes with DME in short-term follow-up.
trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (irct.behdasht.gov.ir), IRCT20230103057035N1, March 18th, 2023.
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