Evidence mapPaperPMID 40200364Full record

SynthesisJournal of health, population, and nutrition2025

Comparative effects of different macronutrient compositions for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Negin Badrooj, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar

Abstract readSystematic ReviewComparative StudyNetwork Meta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Negin BadroojDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-8419-7618
Ahmad JayediDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4231-3147
Sakineh Shab-BidarDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran. s_shabbidar@tums.ac.ir.ORCID 0000-0002-0167-7174

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo assess and rank the comparative effects of different exact macronutrient compositions for type 2 diabetes management rather than examining single macronutrients or as a dietary pattern.

methodsPubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Randomized controlled trials were included. A random-effects network meta-analysis with a Bayesian framework was performed to calculate the mean difference (MD) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs). The certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach.

results80 trials with 9232 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the network meta-analysis. A very low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and calorie-restricted diet had the greatest effect on reducing HbA

conclusionsA very low carbohydrate, high protein, calorie-restricted diet can be an effective dietary composition in managing diabetes, but milder dietary carbohydrate restriction for weight loss in the long-term, and improving lipid profiles is needed.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2NutrientsBlood GlucoseCaloric RestrictionDietary CarbohydratesDietary ProteinsDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedGlycated HemoglobinHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicWeight LossBlood GlucoseDietary CarbohydratesDietary ProteinsGlycated HemoglobinNutrientsDiet compositionMacronutrient compositionNetwork meta-analysisSystematic reviewType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40200364
PMCPMC11977911

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.