Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40200799›Full record

ArticleThe Gerontologist2025

Financial Toxicity in Dementia Caregiving: Sociodemographic Predictors in a U.S. Nationally Representative Survey.

Danielle M Hart, Brandon Leggins, Clara Sanches, Elan L Guterman, Winston Chiong

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Gerontologist, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Danielle M HartDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0323-1635
Brandon LegginsDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Clara SanchesDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Elan L GutermanDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Winston ChiongDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

Attention and Executive Functioning in FTDR01AG022983 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · 2004 to 2005
$456k
Dementia caregiving and the cognitive science of surrogate decisionsK24AG083117 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · 2025 to 2025
$191k
American Academy of NeurologyHampton Research FundNCATS NIH HHS R43 TR000187NCATS NIH HHS R44 TR000187NCATS NIH HHS TL1TR00187NIA NIH HHS K24 AG083117NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022983NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056715NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058817NIA NIH HHS R01AG058817NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG083830NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS116128NINDS NIH HHS K23NS116128University of California San Francisco Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectives"Financial toxicity" describes the negative effects of medical expenses on financial security and health-related quality of life. Beyond dementia, financial toxicity is used to address the financial and health consequences of illness. Here, we utilize the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) to examine the experience of financial toxicity in dementia caregiving. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe conducted a nationally representative survey of 317 dementia caregivers. Financial toxicity was defined as COST<26 and categorized as mild (COST ≥14 and <26), moderate (COST >0 and <14), or severe (COST = 0). Nested multivariable regression examined potential predictors of financial toxicity. Mediation analyses were performed to assess whether the influence of basic caregiver demographic predictors was mediated by care recipient clinical characteristics, caregiver socioeconomic demographics, or relational characteristics.

results52.7% of dementia caregivers in the United States experience financial toxicity. Of those, 73.1% endure mild, 25.7% moderate, and 1.2% severe toxicity. 69.5% of Black, 54.1% of Hispanic, and 42.3% of White caregivers report financial toxicity, with prevalence significantly higher in Black caregivers compared to White caregivers (p = .017). Older caregiver age was associated with less financial toxicity (p = .024). Caregiver employment status mediated this effect, with retirement associated with less financial toxicity (p < .001) and unemployment associated with greater financial toxicity (p < .001). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Most dementia caregivers in the United States experience financial toxicity, with Black caregivers bearing the highest risk. Older caregiver age protects against financial toxicity, reflecting the relationship between age and employment status.

Indexed as

CaregiversCost of IllnessDementiaFinancial StressAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeSociodemographic FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesCaregiver burdenCognitiveHealthcare costsNeurology

Identifiers

PMID40200799
PMCPMC12065397

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.