ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of ciprofol.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol Versus Propofol for Anesthesia in Older Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Drugs & aging · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacological sedation strategies for therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Ciprofol Versus Propofol for Sedation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in a Chinese Population.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of ciprofol on the incidence of postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Effect of ciprofol with etomidate on the occurrence of hypotension in elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Effects of Ciprofol Combined with Varying Doses of Alfentanil on Anesthetic Efficacy and Safety in Pediatric Bronchoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Post-Intubation Hypotension After Titrated Induction with Ciprofol versus Propofol in Older Adults Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Trial
- Comparison of Incidence of Respiratory Depression Between Ciprofol versus Propofol for Procedural Sedation During First-Trimester Surgical Abortion: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Dexamethasone Alone versus Combined with Droperidol for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Gynecological Day Surgery Under Ciprofol-Alfentanil Anesthesia: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Effect of Ciprofol on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- The Impact of General Anesthetics on Postoperative Delirium: A Narrative Review Based on Clinical Randomized Controlled Trials from the Last Five Years.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Compatibility and stability of ciprofol with different concentrations of remifentanil or esketamine.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Frequency-specific microstate correlates of ciprofol-induced alterations of consciousness.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Median effective dose and 95% effective dose of oliceridine combined with ciprofol for painless gastroscopy: a dose-finding study based on Dixon's up-and-down method.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Effect of ciprofol-assisted sedation on tourniquet-related responses in foot and ankle surgery: a randomized clinical trial.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- Precision Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Older Adults: Brain Vulnerability and Recovery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of ciprofol versus propofol for sedation in hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- Effects of ciprofol versus propofol sedation on hypoxaemia and hypotension in elderly patients undergoing bidirectional endoscopy: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propofol has become one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents because of its good sedative effects, rapid onset, and fast metabolism. However, its associated respiratory and circulatory depression and injection pain make it difficult for patients to tolerate. Ciprofol, which is structurally similar to propofol but has an additional cyclopropyl group, is less likely to impact respiratory and circulatory function and cause injection pain, highlighting its potential for clinical application. Currently, as research on Ciprofol is still in the exploratory stage, its clinical application is limited because its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The aim of this article is to review the pharmacological mechanisms of propofol, hypothesize the primary pharmacological effects and potential adverse reactions of Ciprofol, and summarize its current clinical application status, with the goal of providing a reference for future clinical use.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.