Role of Augmentation in the Fixation of Osteoporotic Fractures.

Introduction: Osteoporotic fractures present a significant challenge due to the compromised bone quality, leading to complications in traditional fracture fixation methods. Augmentation techniques have emerged as a valuable approach to enhance the stability of fracture fixation in osteoporotic patients. Aim: This review explores the various augmentation methods used in fracture management, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and calcium phosphate cements, as well as novel injectable materials. Additionally, the role of biomechanical augmentation techniques, such as locked plating and hybrid fixation, is discussed in enhancing fixation strength. Clinical applications in vertebral, proximal femur, and upper extremity fractures are examined, with a focus on the effectiveness of augmentation in improving patient outcomes. Despite the benefits, augmentation presents challenges, such as the risks associated with cement leakage and the economic burden on healthcare systems. The review also highlights future directions, including the development of bioactive and biodegradable materials, as well as innovations in minimally invasive techniques. Conclusion: Overall, augmentation plays a crucial role in addressing the limitations of traditional fixation in osteoporotic bone, offering promising solutions to improve fracture management.