Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40205024›Full record

ReviewMolecular biology reports2025

Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology and emerging treatments.

Mukul Shyam, S Sidharth, Aleen Veronica, Lakshmipriya Jagannathan, Prathap Srirangan, Vidya Radhakrishnan, Evan Prince Sabina

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular biology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. SD-OCT vs FA in diabetic retinopathy: a sensitivity-specificity tradeoff in detecting intraretinal macroaneurysms.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Association of theFrontiers in medicine · 2026
    Article
  12. Atypical p38 Kinase Signaling in Retinal Vascular Damage and Recovery.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. METTL3-mediated mMolecular biology reports · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. An Investigation of 5-HalogenatedMedicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mukul ShyamDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
S SidharthDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Aleen VeronicaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Lakshmipriya JagannathanDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Prathap SriranganDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Vidya RadhakrishnanVIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Evan Prince SabinaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India. epsabina@vit.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-5971

Funding

VIT SEED GRANT(RGEMS) SG20230005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy constitutes a major complication associated with diabetes mellitus, resulting in visual impairment and blindness on a global scale. The pathophysiology of DR is characterized by intricate interactions among metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory pathways, which include the activation of the polyol pathway, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, the overactivation of protein kinase C, dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and retinal neurodegeneration. This review investigates the classification, complex pathophysiology, and therapeutic modalities for DR, encompassing conventional interventions such as anti-VEGF agents, aldose reductase inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy. Innovative treatments, including advanced anti-VEGF agents, neuroprotective strategies, gene and stem cell therapies, and advancements in drug delivery systems, exhibit considerable transformative potential. Furthermore, integrating artificial intelligence for early detection and modulation of inflammatory pathways signifies cutting-edge progress in the field. By integrating contemporary knowledge and prospective avenues, this review underscores the significance of comprehending the multifaceted nature of DR and the advancements in its therapeutic approaches. The objective is to bridge the gaps between research findings and clinical application, thereby providing a comprehensive resource to enhance outcomes and quality of life for individuals impacted by DR.

Indexed as

Diabetic RetinopathyAnimalsHumansRenin-Angiotensin SystemVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAnti- VEGF agentsDiabetic retinopathyLaser photocoagulationPolyol pathwayVisual impairment

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.