Evidence mapPaperPMID 40210807Full record

ReviewCurrent obesity reports2025

Dual and Triple Gut Peptide Agonists on the Horizon for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Data.

Ioanna Α Anastasiou, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Maria Dalamaga, Alexander Kokkinos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current obesity reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Innovative Diabetes Therapies and Impact on Peripheral and Autonomic Diabetic Neuropathies: A State-of-the-Art Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ioanna Α AnastasiouDiabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Georgia ArgyrakopoulouDiabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, 15125, Athens, Greece.
Maria DalamagaDepartment of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Alexander KokkinosDiabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece. akokkinos@med.uoa.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThe development of long-acting incretin receptor agonists represents a significant advance in the fight against the concurrent epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The aim of the present review is to examine the cellular processes underlying the actions of these new, highly significant classes of peptide receptor agonists. We further explore the potential actions of multi-agonist drugs as well as the mechanisms through which gut-brain communication can be used to achieve long-term weight loss without negative side effects. RECENT

findingsSeveral unimolecular dual-receptor agonists have shown promising clinical efficacy studies when used alone or in conjunction with approved glucose-lowering medications. We also describe the development of incretin-based pharmacotherapy, starting with exendin- 4 and ending with the identification of multi-incretin hormone receptor agonists, which appear to be the next major step in the fight against T2DM and obesity. We discuss the multi-agonists currently in clinical trials and how each new generation of these drugs improves their effectiveness. Since most glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor: glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor (GLP- 1) receptor: glucagon receptor triagonists compete in efficacy with bariatric surgery, the success of these agents in preclinical models and clinical trials suggests a bright future for multi-agonists in the treatment of metabolic diseases. To fully understand how these treatments affect body weight, further research is needed.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsObesityAnimalsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansIncretinsReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneGlucagonGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptorIncretinObesityType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40210807
PMCPMC11985575

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.