Evidence mapPaperPMID 40211319Full record

Observational studyLipids in health and disease2025

Effects of remnant cholesterol on adverse renal outcomes in lupus nephritis.

Xiaolei Shi, Xinxin Zhang, Yuewen Lu, Wang Xiang, Xin Wang, Jianwen Yu, Hongjian Ye, Haishan Wu, Ruihan Tang, Xi Xia and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaolei Shi *Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Xinxin Zhang *Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Yuewen LuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Wang XiangDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Xin WangDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Jianwen YuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Hongjian YeDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Haishan WuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
Ruihan TangDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. tangrh8@mail.sysu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-6239
Xi XiaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. xiax29@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Wei ChenDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58th, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. chenwei99@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Funding

the Guangdong Province High-Level Hospital Construction Project No. DFJHBF202101the National Key Research and Development Project of China -- Strategy study on lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment 2021YFC2501302the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82170737, 82370707the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82400832
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRemnant cholesterol (RC) causes inflammation and promotes kidney diseases development. However, its role in lupus nephritis (LN) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between RC and LN.

methodsThis observational study was conducted among patients enrolled between 2000 and 2018 in the High Quality Evidence of Guangzhou Lupus Nephritis Cohort. The study outcomes were defined as adverse renal outcomes, including serum creatinine doubled and end-stage renal disease. Patients were stratified into lower and higher RC groups based on the optimal cutoff RC value (86.88 mg/dL) for adverse renal outcomes. To explore the association between renal outcomes and RC, survival analyses, multivariate Cox regression analyses, and subgroup analyses were conducted.

resultsOverall, 909 individuals were enrolled. Over a median follow-up of 8.33 (interquartile range, 3.08-12.83) years, 134(14.74%) of them reached renal endpoints. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that patients with higher RC levels were more susceptible to adverse renal outcomes in LN (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, higher RC levels exhibited significant correlations with adverse renal outcomes in LN [hazard ratio (HR):1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.16-3.39; P = 0.012]. Subgroup analyses revealed a strong relationship between the higher RC and adverse renal outcomes, particularly in patients aged < 40 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73m

conclusionsHigher RC levels were significantly associated with poor renal outcomes in LN, indicating that RC may become a non-invasive prognostic tool in clinical assessment of LN.

Indexed as

CholesterolKidney Failure, ChronicLupus NephritisAdultCreatinineFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateKidneyMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsCholesterolCreatinineEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD)Lipid profileLupus nephritisRemnant cholesterol (RC)Renal outcomes

Identifiers

PMID40211319
PMCPMC11984024

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.